Mycotoxins are small molecular weight secondary fungal metabolites and are not immunogenic. However, mycotoxins can be conjugated to a protein or a polypeptide carrier and subsequently be used for immunization. Using this approach, antibodies against a number of mycotoxins have been developed. With the availability of these antibodies, simple and rapid radioimmunoassays (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the determination of these mycotoxins in grains and biological fluids have been developed. The present review will cover recent progress on this rapidly developing research area with emphasis on: (1) the approaches used for the preparation of immunogens and antibody production; (2) diversity of specificity of antibodies obtained from various immunogens and (3) different immunochemical approaches that are currently used in mycotoxin analysis.
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