Undesirable odour substances (geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol) in water environment: Sources, impacts and removal strategies
2022
Abd El-Hack, Mohamed E. | El-Saadony, Mohamed T. | Elbestawy, Ahmed R. | Ellakany, Hany F. | Abaza, Samar S. | Geneedy, Amr M. | Salem, Heba M. | Taha, Ayman E. | Swelum, Ayman A. | Omer, Fatima A. | AbuQamar, Synan F. | El-Tarabily, Khaled A.
Off-flavours in fish products generated from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are a major problem in the fish farming industry affecting the market demand and prices. A particular concern is the muddy or musty odour and taste in fish due to the presence of secondary metabolites geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), produced by actinobacteria (mainly Streptomyces), myxobacteria and cyanobacteria. Off-flavours have deteriorated the quality of fish, rendering their products unfit for human consumption. The process of odour removal requires purification for several days to weeks in clean water; thus this leads to additional production costs. Geosmin and 2-MIB, detected at extremely low odour thresholds, are the most widespread off-flavour metabolites in aquaculture, entering through fish gills and accumulating in the fish adipose tissues. In this review, we aimed to determine the diversity and identity of geosmin- and 2-MIB-producing bacteria in aquaculture and provide possible strategies for their elimination.
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