Intakes of Milk and Soymilk and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Korean Adults: A Study Based on the 2012~2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2023
Ha, A.W. | Kim, W.K. | Kim, S.H.
Soymilk is a healthy alternative to milk for those who prefer plant-based diets. However, the relationship between milk and soymilk intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is still not fully understood. Subjects aged 40~64 years were selected from the 2012∼2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data and divided into three groups: Controls who did not drink both milk and soymilk at all (n=2,529); Milk intakers (n=1,072) or soymilk intakers (n=512), who drank only milk or soymilk thee times a week. The CVD risk was determined by calculating the Framingham Risk Score. For all subjects, the 10-year CVD risk was significantly lower in milk intakers (5.9%) than in controls (7.1%) and soymilk intakers (8.0%). Statistics stratified by gender and age revealed that milk intakes, especially among women aged 50∼64, had significantly low CVD risk (P<0.05) and high HDL-cholesterol (P<0.05) than the other groups. Compared to non-milk intakers, the odds ratios of 10-year CVD risk in the group who consumed milk (3 times/week) was significantly reduced before (model 1) and after variable adjustment (model 2); model 1: OR 0.671, 95% CI (0.567, 0.793); model 2: OR 0.742, 95% CI (0.619, 0.890). Conversely, consumption of soy milk (3 times/week) showed a tendency to decrease the odds ratio of 10-year CVD risk compared to non-soymilk intakers, but with no statistical significance. In conclusion, for adults in their 40s and older who only consume soy milk, consuming milk along with soymilk will help cardiovascular health.
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