Relevance. The use of chemical fungicides in protecting plants from pathogens is the most common way, despite the proven danger of pesticides. The use of biofungicides based on essential oils of medicinal plants, which also have phytoncidal properties, can be a suitable alternative to chemical preparations. In the years favorable for the development of alternariosis or cladosporiosis, spots appear on the plants, leading to necrosis and significant loss of seed productivity. Therefore, the search for new effective and safe means of combating fungal phytopathogens becomes relevant.Methods. Alternaria alternata (2018-1.1) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (2019-11.4) strains were isolated from leaves with signs of alternariosis and cladosporiosis, on which the essential oils Abies alba, Artemisia vulgaris, Caryophyllus aromaticus, Coriandrum sativum, Lavandula officinalis, Ocimum basilicum, Pimpinella anisum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia sclarea, Thymus vulgaris. The antifungal activity of essential oils was evaluated by comparing the diameter of the experimental (with the addition of essential oil to the Petri dish) and control colonies using the author’s scale.Results. All studied essential oils had antifungal properties, but species-specificity was observed. Essential oils of basil, coriander and thyme showed a fungicidal effect on C. cladosporioides and A. alternata. Lavender oil proved to be a fungicide for A. alternata and a strong fungistatic for C. cladosporioides. To create biological products for plant protection against alternariosis, sage essential oil (moderate fungistatic effect) may also be of interest, and cladosporiosis - anise and rosemary oils.

Considering of broad beans as an integral component of biological crop rotations, the presence of phytopathogenic, toxigenic, opportunistic, and allergenic microscopic fungi in soils under their different varieties should be examined. At the Botanical garden BelSU (Belgorod) on a natural infectious background were grown and studied of 16 different broad beans varieties. Were taking into account the indicators of frequency of occurrence and abundance of species, they determined the structures of soil mycocomplexes under different varieties. Analysis of the data showed that most micromycetes in the rhizosphere under bean varieties belonged to the Ascomycota division, which is part of it as 4th classes of Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Saccharomycetes. The species diversity of the soil mycobiota of steaming soil was characterized by 26 species, and under the studied bean varieties 57 species of fungi were identified. In the mycocomplex under varieties, species of different ranks of frequency of occurrence developed that were not noted in the paring soil: Alternaria tenuissima and Stemphyllium solani were rarely and accidentally found in the control soil, but they were not found in under the beans during budding – flowering. This can be explained by the fact that a different composition of exudates in the root zone of the soil under the plants contributes to the development of different types of microorganisms. In the complex of micromycetes under the beans, the share of toxigenic species increased by 2.5-29%, opportunistic species - by 1.3-31%, allergens - by 2-24% compared with the soaring soil. In the soil, an abundance of opportunistic and allergenic species capable of inducing mycoses and allergies in humans can be reduced by the broad bean varieties Aquadul, White large-fruited, Russian Black, Velena, Summer Resident, Leader, Optics, Pink Flamingo, Yankel Byala. After the cultivation of the beans the phytopathogenic species Ascochyta fabae, Clasdosporium herbarum, Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum var. orthoceras, F. oxysporum, F. solani and Ulocladium botrytis, remain in the soil and this fact must be considered when selecting the next crop in crop rotation.

The unique biochemical composition of broad bean seeds (Vicia faba L. var. major Harz) makes them a promising vegetable crop. The quantity and quality of the yield of beans depends to a large extent on the mycoses caused by microscopic fungi. The aim of the work was to study the diseases of broad beans caused by microscopic fungi in the soil and climatic conditions of the South Central zone of the region. At the Botanical garden BelSU (Belgorod) on a natural infectious background were grown and studied of different broad beans varieties Belarusian, Velena, Russian black, Aquadulche. In some years, the prevalence of Alternaria leaf spot was 8-57%, but the lack of yield did not exceed 12%. Fusarium wilt was spread to 90%, with a disease development index of up to 82% and a loss of yield of 16-64%. In cases of mixed infection (fusariosis + alternariosis, fusariosis + chocolate spot) on plants in the budding-flowering phase (before and after the phase of fruit formation), the destruction of affected plants was noted. The spread of mixed infection was prevented by dry weather during the development of plant generative organs. The development of bean leaf and pod spot, which reduced the productivity by no more than 15%, contributed to the dry period of bean growth. Chocolate spot (not marked on varieties Russian black and Velena) and blackish spotting were noted not on all grades and not annually, reducing the yield of beans by 2-10%. In general, over the years of research, the lowest losses of yield from mycoses are noted for the Belarusian.

Rich in high quality protein, vitamins, carbohydrates, organic acids and trace elements seeds, green fruits and young leaves broad beans (Vicia faba L. var. major Harz) has long been used in the food, and the culture of beans are promising in biological agriculture and horticulture. The aim of this work was to study the structure of seed production of different varieties of broad beans in the South Central zone of the region. At the Botanical garden BelSU (Belgorod) to study the structure of seed production of different varieties of broad beans (Belarusiskie, Velena, Russkie chernie, Aquadul) and determined the biochemical composition of seeds. Optimal height of attachment of the first fruit for mechanical harvesting (20-25 cm) characteristic of plants of all studied varieties. Weight of the fetus, according to the coefficient of variability, equal to 45%, distinguished by a strong variability on grades with a maximum grade of Velena. The length of fruit ranged from 9 to 13 cm and were characterized by moderate variability (V=20%). Seeds production is determinened not only by size of fruits of beans, but and its important components such as 1000 seed weight. Protein content in the seeds at 30% different varieties of broad beans domestic breeding. Contents of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and iron is higher in the cotyledons than in the skin. Dark purple color of the seed varieties of Russian black is due to the biosynthesis useful for human organism anthocyanins in seed peel.

Relevance. A comprehensive study of broad beans, including seed productivity and soil mycocomplexes of their anthocyanin-containing varieties, is relevant, given the need to increase the growth of crop productivity and the special contribution of micromycetes to soil phytomelioration, which is an important link in organic farming.Methods. In small-scale experiments in the city of Belgorod, varieties of beans with anthocyanins in the seed coat were studied (Bobchinsky, Karmazin, Pink Flamingo, Russian Blacks, Tsarsky Harvest, Bel-1). The selection of soil fungi was carried out by the method of soil dilutions of Waxmann, followed by deep sowing in solid nutrient media. To assess the similarity of the complexes of soil micromycetes under varieties of beans, a similarity coefficient was used.Results. Field trials of varieties of beans Vicia faba L. (Bel-1, Bobchinsky, Karmazin, Pink flamingo, Russian black, Imperial crop) containing anthocyanins in seed coatings showed that the highest yield of seeds is characteristic of the Bel-1 hybrid (65 g from a plant) and varieties Pink Flamingo (64 g), Royal Harvest (64 g). All varieties studied were characterized by a high protein content in seeds (25-31%). The main contribution to the seed productivity of these varieties of beans was made by lateral shoots (r = +0.91). Varieties of beans Bobchinsky and Tsarist Harvest can be recommended as reducing the proportion of  opportunistic, allergenic and toxigenic microscopic fungi in the soil. The plants of the variety specimens  Karmazin and Bel-1 were characterized by a minimal (0-9%) loss of productivity from common mycoses - alternariosis and fusariosis.

Pre-breeding research on 20 accessions from collection of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production has been performed. Four traits such as height of plan, height of stem from soil surface up to lowest bean (most important characteristics for mechanized harvesting), number of seeds in the bean, and the size of seeds were taken to be studied. Four promising accessions N 9, N 27, N 33, N 15d-vf18096 that have a set of three valuable characteristics, namely the high seed yield, large seeds, and great height of the stem from the soil surface up to lowest bean have been selected out at previous stage of breeding program.