The vegetable production is one of the main factors for food security, as vegetables play an important role in the structure of nutrition. The Federal Scientific Vegetable Center creates competitive varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops that meet market requirements to meet the needs of domestic producers and thereby contributes to food security. As a result of national breeding program, the varieties and hybrids adapted to different growing conditions, with resistance to local races of pathogens, temperature stresses, and ground frosts were developed to provide the sustainable production of vegetables with high nutritional and medicinal qualities. The varieties and hybrids F1 of white head cabbage that have been created for the last 5 years are distinguished from foreign ones by taste qualities, appropriate pickling characteristics with increased sugar, and decreased cellulose contents. The local onion varieties combine long shelf life, early maturing, well bulb formation, high dry matter content (18-20%) and ability to form the bulb for one year. Breeders have developed bee-pollinated and parthenocarpic hybrids of cucumber well adapted to local growing conditions and suitable for open field cultivation in different regions of Russia. Parthenocarpic heterotic hybrids of the multi-propose use, corresponding to the modern variety model with high productivity, early-ripening, bunch ovary disposition, resistance to abiotic stresses, and most harmful diseases. The carrot and red beet varieties with high nutritional qualities, long shelf-life, ecological plasticity that are widely used for seed production have been created. The varieties of Solanaceae crops have been developed to cultivate in Non Chernozem zone, Far East, Western Siberia, the Middle Belt of Russia and the south of Russia, are also suitable for different greenhouse complexes located in different light zones of the Russia. Wide application of varieties produced through national vegetable breeding programs can provide the population with our own products of high quality.

The comparative test of experimental F1 tomato hybrids was conducted under conditions of two different types of low-volume technology (MPVI "Fitopiramida", technology of growing in mats with drip irrigation) in 2021. The conducted researches have shown that duration of interphase periods, level of yield and fruit quality depend on cultivation technology. According to the data obtained, in conditions of MPVI "Fitopiramida" all studied F1 tomato hybrids enter fruiting faster and provide higher yield compared to the technology of growing in mats, but are inferior in average fruit weight, soluble dry matter content and taste qualities. As perspective F1 tomato hybrids for "Fitopiramida" technology hybrids Ga62(2) and Ga21, submitted for registration to Gossortcommission, were identified. On low-volume technology in mats hybrid Ga27a showed the best result. A strong correlation was found between estimates of the signs "average fruit weight" (r = 0,93) and "soluble dry matter content" (r = 0,81). It is possible to conduct preliminary selections in conditions of low-volume technology in mats according to these signs. For the most reliable assessment and accurate selection of the most perspective tomato hybrids for "Fitopiramida" technology their testing on hydroponic installations is required.

The vegetable production  is one of the economic sectors  that  provides  the  population  with  foodstuff  products with high biological values. To achieve independence in production  of the agricultural foodstuffs,  the part of imported  products should not be beyond 25 % from total volume of foodstuffs  fabricated. As a result of national breeding program, the varieties and hybrids adapted to different growing conditions, with resistance to  local races of pathogens, temperature stresses, and ground frosts were developed to provide the sustainable production of vegetables with high nutritional and medicinal qualities. The varieties and hybrids F1  of white  head cabbage that have been created for the last 5 years are distinguished from foreign ones by taste qualities, appropriate pickling characteristics with increased  sugar,  and  decreased  cellulose  contents. The local onion varieties combine long shelf life, early maturing, well bulb formation, high dry matter content (18-20%) and ability to form the bulb for one year. The cucumber  is  the  traditional  vegetable crop  in  Russia and very profitable for greenhouse enterprises. Breeders have developed bee-pollinated and parthenocarpic hybrids well adapted to local growing conditions and  suitable  for   open  field   cultivation   in  different regions of Russia. Parthenocarpic heterotic hybrids of the  multi-propose  use, corresponding  to  the  modern variety model with high productivity, early-ripening, bunch ovary disposition, resistance to abiotic stresses, and  most  harmful  diseases. The carrot  and  red  beet varieties with  high nutritional  qualities, long shelf-life, ecological plasticity that are widely used for seed production have been created. The varieties of nightshade crops have been developed to cultivate in NonChernozem zone, Far East, Western Siberia, the Middle Belt of Russia and the south of Russia, are also suitable for different greenhouse complexes located in different light zones of the Russia. Wide application of varieties produced through national vegetable breeding programs can provide the population with our own products of high quality.

The challenges concerning the development of cabbage seed management and production in Russia are to be resolved by combined approaches in order to fully supply the vegetable market and population with home-selected varieties and heterosis hybrids.

On 14-18 June, 2011, XI international symposium on «New and nontraditional Plant Cultures and Prospects of Their Use» was hosted by Institute of Fundamental Problems of Biology, RAS.

The main achievements of vegetable breeding research in different institutions of Russian Federation and the priorities and prospects were highlighted in the article.

Developed by the academician Dragavtsev the method of ecologically geographic analysis of the polygenic characters proposes the study of different ecologically genetic systems such as adaptation, attraction, photoperiodic sensitivity, factors of limitation of mineral nutrition, etc.

To improve the quality of vegetable growing products, it is important to develop breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, as the variety and high-quality seeds are the main elements of modern crop cultivation zonal technologies. At the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center" (FSBSI FSVC), vegetable crop breeding has been put on the innovative path of development, where modern methods are used along with classical ones: molecular markers on the main of economical important plant determinants, accelerated creation of homogeneous lines using the methods of doubled haploids and biotechnology of functional products for healthy nutrition. As a result of purposeful selection work, domestic varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops with fundamentally new qualities were created. The geographical location of the branches of the Center allows you to create breeding achievements for all potential regions of vegetable growing. In 2019, 36 varieties and hybrids of vegetables and melon crops were created, including cabbage, carrot, tomato, onion, onion Shallot, perennial onion, garlic, peas, bean, cowpea, pumpkin, cucumber, sugar corn, green vegetables culture, spicy-flavouring plant and floral crops. In order to provide the industry with pure-grade quality seed material and increase the productivity of crops due to the full use of the potential of the variety in the FSBSI FSVC, constant work is carried out in primary seed production. Zonal cultivation technologies have been developed that will allow growing domestic products in different soil and climatic conditions of the country. Wide introduction of achievements of the Russian vegetable growing science in agricultural production is capable to provide the population of the Russian Federation with high-quality, domestic products. | Для повышения качества продукции овощеводства важно развивать селекцию и семеноводство овощных культур, т. к. сорт и высококачественные семена – главные элементы современных зональных технологий возделывания с.-х. культур. В ФГБНУ "Федеральный научный центр овощеводства" селекция овощных культур поставлена на инновационный путь развития, где наряду с классическими используются современные методы: молекулярное маркирование по основным хозяйственным признакам, ускоренное создание однородных линий с применением методов удвоенных гаплоидов и биотехнологии продуктов функционального назначения для здорового питания. В результате целенаправленной селекционной работы созданы отечественные сорта и гибриды овощных культур с принципиально новыми качествами. Географическое положение филиалов Центра позволяет создавать селекционные достижения для всех потенциальных зон овощеводства. За 2019 г. создано 36 сортов и гибридов овощебахчевых культур, в числе которых капуста белокочанная, морковь столовая, томат, лук репчатый, шалот, многолетние луки, чеснок, горох, фасоль, вигна, тыква, огурец, кукуруза сахарная, зеленные, пряно-вкусовые и цветочные культуры. Для обеспечения отрасли чистосортным качественным посевным материалом и повышения продуктивности посевов за счет полного использования потенциальных возможностей сорта в ФГБНУ ФНЦО ведется постоянная работа в первичном семеноводстве. Разработанные зональные технологии возделывания позволят выращивать отечественную продукцию в различных почвенно-климатических условиях страны. Широкое внедрение достижений российской овощеводческой науки в с.-х. производство способно обеспечить население РФ качественной отечественной продукцией.

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Federal Scientific Vegetable Center' (FSBSI FSVC) is the leader in the field of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to both abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases are carried out, as well as plant pest and disease control methods are developed. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. The environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds having adaptogenic properties are developed. A new research direction in the center is the creation of vegetable crop varieties having increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The keeping quality of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots depending on the biochemical composition has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. The technologies for the cultivation and seed production of new varieties and hybrids are created. There were established the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocoenoses (crop rotation; tillage, fertilizer application and plant protection systems). In general, all work of the FSBSI FSVC is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation. | Федеральное государственное бюджетной научное учреждение 'Федеральный научный центр овощеводства' (ФГБНУ ФНЦО) – лидер в области селекции и семеноводства овощных культур. Основная цель селекционно-семеноводческой работы этой организации – создание и размножение сортов и гибридов овощебахчевых культур нового поколения, отличающихся устойчивостью к абиотическим и биотическим стрессорам, высокой продуктивностью и качеством продукции. Успехи достигнуты в создании гомозиготных линий капусты, кабачка, огурца, моркови. Впервые удалось завершить полный цикл получения удвоенных гаплоидов редиса в культуре микроспор in vitrо. Ведутся иммунологические исследования устойчивости культур и новых сортов к заболеваниям, разрабатываются методы защиты растений от вредителей и болезней. Ежегодно проводится фитосанитарный мониторинг, оценка и отбор устойчивых генотипов. Идет разработка экологически безопасных средств на основе препаратов, полученных из растений с высоким содержанием биологически активных соединений-адаптогенов. Новое направление исследований – создание сортов овощных растений с повышенным содержанием биологически активных веществ и антиоксидантов, для производства продуктов функционального назначения. Изучается хранимоспособность современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой в зависимости от биохимического состава. Разрабатываются способы обогащения овощных культур микронутриентами. Создаются технологии возделывания и семеноводства новых сортов и гибридов. На филиалах ФГБНУ ФНЦО, расположенных в различных почвенно-климатических условиях, заложены стационары по изучению взаимодействия факторов управления плодородием почв и продуктивностью овощных культур в агроценозах (севооборот, системы обработки почв, удобрений и защиты растений). В целом, исследования ФГБНУ ФНЦО направлены на разработку и усовершенствование приемов в селекции и семеноводстве овощных культур, создание новых селекционных достижений и разработку сортовых технологий их возделывания.

Тыквенные растения - ценные овощебахчевые культуры (тыква, арбуз, дыня, кабачок, патиссон, огурец, люффа, момордика, лагенария, ангурия и др.), охватывающие широкое разнообразие жизненных форм растений. Плоды и семена этих культур имеют важное пищевое значение. Рассмотрен существующий ассортимент тыквы, кабачка, патиссона, арбуза, дыни в Российской Федерации, согласно Государственному реестру селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию. По каждой культуре выделены сорта, выращиваемые более 45–75 лет. Проведенный анализ отечественных и иностранных сортов и гибридов позволил разделить их на группы по скороспелости, использованию, регионам выращивания, количеству выведения селекционно-семеноводческими учреждениями. Дан анализ динамики сортового состава тыквы, кабачка, патиссона, арбуза, дыни, т.е. культур, селекция которых ведется наиболее интенсивно. Определены перспективные направления селекции тыквенных культур: селекция кустовых и короткоплетистых форм для продолжительного хранения плодов (с периодом 6–9 месяцев с толстой, плотной кожурой), на голосемянность (снижает затраты труда на их очистку, содержат до 45–50% масла), с и высоким содержанием каротина (до 30 мг%) и сахаров (до 15%); для переработки (толщина мякоти от 3 см, ярко-оранжевая, плотная, сочная, ароматная), с порционными плодами (плоды небольшой массы - 2–3 кг), насыщенностью женскими цветками и слабым ветвлением и другие. | Pumpkin plants are valuable vegetable and melon crops (pumpkin, watermelon, melon, squash, cucumber, luffa, momordica, lagenaria, anguria, etc.), covering a wide variety of plant life forms. The fruits and seeds of these crops are of great nutritional value. The existing assortment of a pumpkin, vegetable marrow, bush pumpkin, watermelon, melon in the Russian Federation, according to the State register of the selection achievements admitted to use is considered. On each culture the grades which were grown for more then 45–75 years are allocated. The carried out analysis of domestic and foreign grades and hybrids has allowed dividing them into groups on precocity, use, cultivation regions, quantity of deducing by selection-seed-growing establishments. There is given an analysis of the varietal composition of pumpkin, zucchini, squash, watermelon, that is, crops which are bred most intensively. Perspective directions of selection of pumpkin crops have been defined: selection for bush and short-walled forms for long-term storage of fruits (with a period of 6–9 months with a thick, dense peel), for gymnospermy (reduces labor costs for their cleaning, contain up to 45–50% oil), for high carotene (up to 30 mg%) and sugars (up to 15%), for processing (pulp thickness from 3 cm, bright orange, dense, juicy, aromatic), with portioned fruits (fruits of small mass - 2–3 kg), saturation of female flowers and weak branching, etc.