Relevance. Microscopic fungi exhibit the greatest exoenzymatic activity, and xylotrophs are capable of possessing a complex of oxidase and hydrolase enzymes to destroy lignin.Methods. Among the soil micromycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of annual leguminous crops, a search was made for strains that are promising from the point of view of effective microorganism technology, in order to create optimal conditions for increasing soil fertility and crop yields. The detection of total phenol oxidase activity was carried out according to the method of Bavendamm, cultivating the strains on microbiological agar with the addition of an aromatic lignin derivative (0.06% tannin) and the growth factor was calculated. The cellulase activity of the strains was judged by the degree of hydrolysis of the filter paper. Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris, Botrytis fabae, Cunninghamella echinulata, Curvularia lunata, Macrophoma phaseolicola, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride and Ulocladium botrytis strains were found to cleave lignin and cellulose.Results. When comparing the phenoloxidase activity of the strains, it was proposed to take into account the growth factor, expressed as the ratio of the diameter of the colony on the substrate with the addition of tannin to the diameter of the colony without tannin. Thus, perspective strains of T. koningii and U. botrytis strains with respect to the complex activity of enzymes were identified. The strains C. lunata, A. alternata and B. australiensis showed high cellulase activity. The strain of non-pathogenic soil fungus C. echinulata has the ability to degrade lignin

Relevance. Mash (Vigna radiate (L.) R.Wilczek) is a very ancient Asian legume plant, which, thanks to a number of advantages, may become an important vegetable crop in Russia. Young fruits and seeds of Vigna radiate are rich in protein, vitamins A, B, C, PP, iron, folic acid, and taste like green peas. A lot of essential amino acids and a low glycemic index make it possible to use even mature mash seeds for the preparation of dietary food. To preserve the harvest, it is important to know the diseases of the crop.Methods. For a number of years, a sample of the radiant vigna VR-2014 (Vietnam) has been studied on a natural infectious background in the soil and climatic conditions of the Belgorod region (Russia). Field tests and mycological studies made it possible to determine the species composition of phytopathogenic microscopic fungi, describe the symptoms and compare the main elements of accounting for mycoses.Results. The length of the growing season of the radiant vigna did not exceed 83 days, the appearance of seedlings was noted on 10-12 days from sowing, flowers – on 68-73 days. The height of the plants did not exceed 40 cm. Ascochytosis (the causative agent of Ascochyta boltschauseri) led to losses of 82% of seed productivity, with an average prevalence of 40% and the development of the disease of 2.5 points. Ascochitosis reduced the values of all elements of seed productivity: the length and number of fruits, the mass of 1000 seeds, but most of all (by 5 times) the weight of fruits and seeds from the plant decreased. Peronosporosis (the causative agent of Peronospora fabae) led to losses of seed productivity by 16%, root rot (the causative agent of Bipolaris australensis) and fomosis (the causative agent of Phoma diversispora) – by 17% and 11%, respectively. Spotting was the leading symptom of mycoses of Vigna radiate, and the most harmful phytopathogenic fungi were representatives of the ground-air group of pathogens.

Relevance. Peanut seeds are rich in oils, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and flavonoids, therefore they are widely used in the production of food, feed, biodiesel, as well as in medicine. When cultivating peanuts, the problem of reducing the yield and sometimes the quality of seeds necessarily arises due to the impact of phytopathogenic microscopic fungi, and the main factors in the transmission of the infectious principle are soil and plant residues. The plant protection system should be based on knowledge of the structure of mycocomplexes of the rhizosphere and phylloplane.Methods. On a typical black soil on a natural infectious background in Belgorod (Russia), a sample of cultural peanuts V-2012 (Vietnam) from the collection of the Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of the Institute of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Biology of the National Research University "BelSU" was studied. The species composition of microscopic fungi in the peanut rhizosphere was analyzed in comparison with fallow soil (control), which was found by seeding soil dilutions and leaf samples on dense nutrient media, followed by identification to species.Results. Compared with the control soil, the mycocomplex of the peanut rhizosphere (the Shannon index value at the level of 2.5 and 2.7 in the rhizosphere and control, respectively) was characterized by a lower degree of diversity and the degree of similarity of soil samples was high (the Jaccard coefficient was 50%), which means that that the cultivation of peanuts has lit- tle effect on the composition and structure of a typical black soil. In the peanut rhizosphere, a decrease in the frequency of occurrence of the phytopathogenic species F. oxysporum was observed, which may be associated with an increase in the rank in the mycocomplex of the mycophilic species T. lignorum. Aspergillus ochraceus, A. terreus, A. ustus, Candida albicans, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum, Trichothecium roseum species were found to be sen- sitive to peanut cultivation. Peanut leaf spot was caused annually by the species Alternaria alternate, which can lead to a decrease in seed productivity up to 80%.