In the genus Solanum there are a number of less common vegetables. S. aethiopicum L. and S. macrocarpon L. are a two popular species of eggplant, traditionally grown in tropical Africa. The object of research was breeding lines and hybrids of S. melongena L. and accessions of S. aethiopicum and S. macrocarpon. Plants were grown in condition of low-capacity hydroponics according to all agrotechnical requirements. The fruits for analysis were collected from one layer of plants at the phase of technical maturity. Phenolic compounds are unique secondary metabolites that are synthesized in all plant cells and have increasingly wide application in pharmacology and medicine. Flavonoids was in the range of 0.7-1.1% in lines and F1 hybrids of S. melongena, however more flavonoids was obtained in the African eggplant accessions, such as S. aethiopicum L., 1,4% and S. macrocarpon L., 1.2%. The total content of phenolic compounds was in the range of 1.7-2.3% in the pulp of S. melongena L. fruits. The total content of phenol carbonic acids ranged from 1.0-1.5% in the lines and hybrids F1 studied, as referred to S. melongena. The content of phenol carbonic acids is higher from 1.5% to 1.8% in S. aethiopicum and S. macrocarpon. In the pulp of the interspecific hybrid fruits the total content of flavonoids and phenol carbonic acids was 2.6-2.7% that was 1.5 times as much as in S. melongena.

Napa cabbage is well spread in Japan, China, Korea, but it is not so well known in Far-Eastern regions of Russia. Since 2012 the collection of hybrid accessions has been evaluated at agrobiological station of Blagoveschensk State Pedagogical University located in western part of Blagoveschensk. Twenty local and foreign hybrids have been studied. As a result, seven highly-yielding accessions of different terms of maturity have been selected and included into State Register of Breeding Achievements of Russian Federation.  The  complex  assessment of  most  promising hybrids for uniform heads and excellent consumer’s characteristics has been performed  under the condition  of south zone of Amur oblast.

Humic compounds occupy the important place in the chain plant – water. Their application in technologies for vegetable plant growing with the use of drip irrigation enables to increase the coefficient of nutrient compound assimilation from soil with applied fertilizers. The preparation ‘Lighohumate’ presented in the article is integrated fertilizer, possessing the properties of anti-stress, immunomodulator and sticking agent. This preparation has the highest content of humic acids to 20% for liquid and to 90% for dried, consequently it has a powerful influence on plant organism, opening hidden biological  reserves, and improving  the crop  productivity.  The experimental tests showed that ‘Lighohumate’ application trough drip irrigation system together with foliage fertilizers had given significant yield augmentation; 5-20% depending on medium and technology in vegetable crops cultivated with different agricultural techniques. The permanent speeding-up from 3 to 12 days was noticed in the course of plant development with increase of early yield outcome. ‘Lighohumate’  can be used as seed treatment agent as well as foliage fertilizer and already applied giving a result in many vegetable production enterprises.

The development of cheap and rapid breeding methods to breed  the lines used for  hybrid  F1  production  is a very actual task. The study was carried out with a use of radish varieties originated at VNIISSOK and breeding lines obtained by crossing components of different origin with male  sterility  in  winter  glass  greenhouse.  The  mother plants were grown  on the trays Plantec 64, while seedplants were grown in plastic pots of 1 liter capacity. The some morphobiological features such as the small habitus of see-plant; smaller number of secondary branching and absence of following branches; and consequently, the low yield of seeds were revealed in seed-plants of radish being grown in plastic pots. The period of ontogenesis in radish at first winter-spring rotation with this cultivation approach was reduced to 92 days. At the second summer-autumn rotation with additional lighting the duration of period of ontogenesis was essentially shorter than in the first rotation.  The utilization of  small-volume capacities in winter glass greenhouse to grow the radish seed-plants has permitted to produce two generations a year.

The early-ripening variety of garden pea ‘Kudesnik 2’ was proposed for State Commission for variety trial in 2015 and regarded to be used in the canning industry. The variety was bred at Krymsk Experimental Plant Breeding Station and considered to be used for continued conveyor-like production for further processing technology at canned-food production enterprises.

The potato is grown in all natural environment and climatic zones, along from high-mountain slope lands, situated up to 2500 meters above sea level to Pricaspian plains, situated under sea level. The total area of planted potato in the Republic  is 22 thousand hectares, where potato producing  takes more than half of mountain region. The mountain area occupies  2.04 million hectares, which  is 38.3% of total area of Dagestan with highest peaks over 1000 meters above the sea. There are some methods of potato  growing  that  are nearly effective  in  all  climatic conditions, and improve yield and tuber quality. The proposed resource-saving technology enables to reduce expenses by 50 %  for  ploughing,  soil preparation after ploughing,  pre-planting  soil preparation, preserving soil fertility  and  decreasing  erosion  processes.  The results based on experimental data presented were to show the influence of resource-saving technology on growth, development and yield augmentation when growing on slope lands of mountain province of Dagestan. Advantages of this resource-saving technology and its economic efficiency were shown as well.

At present time, the significant deficiency of СО2 for plants cultivated in greenhouses is one of the factors limiting the photosynthesis and carbonate accumulation leading to decrement of vegetable plant productivity.  The development of necessary gas atmosphere inside greenhouses is the same as important as maintaining temperature regimes.  In  the  world,  there  are  different  solutions  for greenhouse feeding with СО2. Nowadays, the most effective and ecologically safe equipment for greenhouse feeding with СО2 is that provide, not only a smoke-like gas, but also a purified food quality carbon dioxide. This technology required system of gas pipe lines for greenhouses and system of automated control for gas feeding. Moreover it is necessary to install the storage facilities for liquid  carbonic  acid, gas generator, heating system and other   equipment.   Such   a   complex   for   automatic greenhouse feeding with СО2 ‘Kaskad’ has been worked out by OOO ‘Kaskad’ that has successfully developed the systems for carbon-dioxide feeding for 10 years. The system  that  combined  automatic  supplying  outcoming  gas from  boiler  station,  and liquid  СО2  injecting  into  greenhouse room was developed in 2015. The system enables to be integrated into the feeding liquid СО2 and existing system of supplying the outcoming  gas from boiling station.

Varieties of Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. draw breeders’ attention due to their valuable properties, form variation, particularly, among long asparagus beans. The climatic condition of South Far-East is favorable for the cultivation of cowpea. Introduction of the species expands the range of cultivated crops in the region. The aim of the study was to comparatively investigate the modern and local old accessions of cowpea in the field condition of Primoriye and also to select accessions studied suitable for cultivation in this region. Field experiments were carried out at Far-Eastern Experimental Station (VIR), Vladivostok in 2012-2015. Forty accessions of different breeding periods of time from VIR plant collection were assessed. Local varieties included into collection in 1920-1930, varieties selected in 1950-1980 and modern varieties developed after 2010 were significantly different by the morphometric characteristics such as length and width of leaf, bean length and weight, seed productivity per plant, period duration – from shoots to bean-filling and from shoots to bean-ripening. The productivity of green beans depended on different morphobiological traits. For varieties bred in 1950-1980, the correlation between seed and green bean productivity and the number of beans was observed. The yield of green beans was connected with bean length and width and the duration of vegetative period in modern varieties. The varieties bred in 1950-1980 were distinguished by their simultaneous maturation and early ripening, along with the balanced number of pods per plant and seed productivity. Modern varieties essentially exceeded the previously bred cultivars in pod length, yield capacity and duration of harvesting period. Local old varieties were distinguished by broad genetic variation, and were very important as a source of valuable traits. As a result of the study the varieties suitable for cultivation in Primoriye region have been identified to meet all customers’ requirements. For small production and farming ‘Yin Jiang Yi Hao’, ‘Zi San Chi’, ‘Zi San Chi’, ‘Yu Yan San Chi Lv’, ‘Xue Long Yi Hao’, ‘Zao Chun’, ‘Xin Jang’, ‘Zao Chun Jiang Dou’ were recommended, while the accessions ‘k-818’ and ‘k-797’ from China, ‘s. Tan Kim’ from Vietnam were regarded for industrial proposes: cannery and deep freezing.

The aim of our research was to study the combinational ability of gynomonoecious form and to assess the best hybrid combinations for agriculturally valuable traits. The experiments were carried out in arid condition of Astrakhan oblast with the use of drop irrigation system at All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable, Melon and Ground Growing. Five hybrids produced from crossing of maternal form Gм r/l, comparing with already released cultivars ‘Goliyanka’, ‘Skazka’, ‘Zolotistaya’, ‘Kolkhoznitsa’ and ‘Lada’ have been studied. In the course of the study hybrid 'Ladushka' that excelled its parental cultivar ‘Lada’ at all main characteristics has been developed.

In modern concept of healthy food the products of functional destination play a main role to neutralize the influences of unfavorable environments and unbalanced diet. The Jerusalem artichoke is a promising raw material to produce prebiotic and dietary food. Owing to increased content of biologically active substances (polyphenols, vitamins, pectin and mineral compounds) the Jerusalem artichoke is recognized as valuable product for human’s diet. Among other root-tuber vegetables the Jerusalem artichoke is distinguished by its high content of inulin that is regarded as an effective remedy to treat diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity and different intoxications. On October 29, Ministry Council of Union State of Russia and Belarus accepted a program ‘Innovation and Improvement of Production in Potato and Jerusalem Artichoke’ aimed to develop high-yielding varieties and up-to-dated technology for production and post-harvesting processing, regarding to the biological features, namely the high contents of inulin, pectin, oligosaccharides in tubers and foliage. In Kaluga oblast, in the frame of program realization, an Innovative Agro-industrial Complex, ‘KiT’ is now under construction, where Jerusalem artichoke tubers and foliage are processed into inulin, fructose-oligosaccharides, fructose-glucose syrup, dietary and prebiotic puree, juice-contented drinks according to technology standards enable to preserve all valuable biologically active components. It allows manufacturing valuable biologically active products and ingredients, such as ‘live’ puree and juices.