One of the highly effective measures to ensure a cost-effective production of agricultural raw materials is the optimization of mineral nutrition of plants throughout the vegetative period of plants. The efficiency of foliar fertilization with the microfertilizers of Poly-Feed 19-19-19 + 1MgO + ME brand of the company "Haifa Chemicals Ltd." was studied on the development and productivity of cereals: winter and spring wheat, spring barley, and spring rapeseed. Production tests were carried out on the basis of the experimental center of LLC "Kazan Agrokhimservis", located in Pestrechinsky district of Tatarstan. It is established that as a result of foliar application of Poly-Feed fertilizer 19-19-19 + 1MgO + ME, the productive characteristics of the studied crops are improved, such as plant height, spike length, grain size, mass of 1000 seeds; the spring wheat yield is increased by 6.8 centners per hectare, winter wheat - by 11.2 centners per hectare, spring barley - by 5.2 centners per hectare, spring wheat rape - by 4.5 centners per hectare, which is significantly higher that for control plants. At the same time, the qualitative characteristics of the grain are improved: in winter and spring wheat in the experimental variant, it corresponded to grade 3, and in control – to grade 4-5. Utilization of fertilizers by Haifa Chemicals Ltd. of the trade mark Poly-Feed 19-19-19 + 1MgO + ME can be recommended for two-fold foliar application of cereals: winter wheat, spring wheat and spring barley in the tillering phase and in the spike phase, spring rape - in seedlings-rosette and after flowering phase. The recommended dose is 5 kg / ha.

The aim of the present investigation was development of an efficient technology for obtaining powders from fresh broccoli; determination of the possibility of using domestic production of broccoli as an import-substituting product; development of regulatory documentation for broccoli powders for the food industry. The research was carried out jointly with the representatives of the Federal Scientific cen-ter of vegetable production on an experimental basis in 2016. The domestic Tonus variety of broccoli (Federal Scientific center of vegetable production) and the Maraton F1 hybrid (France), differing in appearance, vegetative period, biochemical and physical characteristics were chosen. Technology of broccoli powder production from domestic and imported products was developed using two methods of drying convection and lyophilization. The gentle drying conditions of broccoli freeze drying compared to convective drying technology provided higher content of both vitamin C and polyphenols in the final powder. Comparative studies of organoleptic and physico-chemical properties of powders obtained from domestic and imported broccoli demonstrated close quality parameters, indicating the possibility of effective domestic broccoli utilization and import substitution. For the first time in the Russian Federation, the "Organization Standard" was developed for regulation of the quality parameters of broccoli powders intended for use in the food industry.

Currently, in southern regions of Russia, mainly, tomatoes of foreign breeding are grown. First of all, this is due to the fact that until recently Russian varieties could not compete with foreign in terms of storage, transportation and guaranteed yield. But in connection with sharp changes in weather conditions, in the direction of increasing critical temperatures, the relevance of cultivating modern varieties of tomato of Russian selection possessing high heatresistant characteristics becomes relevant. The varieties of Tomato Selection of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Irrigation Vegetable and Melon Growing served as an object of research. The biochemical properties of fruits depend very strongly on the conditions of growth of the crop and on the genetic potential of the variety. The most important biochemical indicators of tomato fruit are the amount of dry matter, the amount of sugars, the pH of fruit juice, carotene, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and the amount of nitrates. These indicators determine the quality of tomato fruits (products). Five varieties of tomatoes were evaluated for quality changes. The content of solids is maximally in the Morayan variety 6.60±0.04%, the lowest in the Cascader variety is 4.06±0.07%, therefore the most optimal technical properties for the Morayan variety. The content of sugars is maximally in the Moryan variety 4.36±0.05%, the lowest in the stunt Kaskader 2.22±0.04%. The maximum pH of the fruit juice in the variety Cascader is 3.75±0.07 less acidic juice medium, the most acidic medium in the Malinovka variety is 2.75±0.03. The maximum content of carotene in the Moryan variety is 3.03±0.07 mg%, the minimum in the Kaskader variety is 1.26±0.05 mg%. The largest amount of nitrates is able to accumulate a variety of Petrovsky 68.3±0.04 mg%, the minimum quantity in the Supergol variety is 19.0±0.04mg%. The content of ascorbic acid is the highest in the Moryan variety 21.0±0.03 mg%, the lowest in the Petrovsky variety 9.77±0.02.

Experts of the World Health Organization (WHO) came to the conclusion that a healthy lifestyle is impossible without 7 types of vegetables: cabbage, carrots, onions, tomato, pepper, broccoli and garden cress. Their minimum consumption is 220 g/day for 1 person. This predetermines the task of increasing the production of vegetables and a significant expansion of the range of vegetable products. According to FAOSTAT, the volume of production of lettuce and leaf chicory in 2016 amounted to 24.896116 million tons, which is 2.2% of the total production of vegetables (melon is not included). The largest producer in the world is China, which produces 54.2%. In the United States, 20.5% are produced, and in the EU – 13.9% of the total volume of lettuce and leaf chicory worldwide. The article shows the experience of LLC "Vesely Agronom", which rents floodplain meadowlands in the Dmitrovsky district since 2012 and grows lettuce and leaf chicory. Their production in the open ground is carried out by seedling method with the use of film greenhouses. Analysis of the production of lettuce shows that their sown area increased from 11 hectares in 2013 to 70 hectares in 2017, and the volume of sold products – from 50 to 650 tons, respectively. The profit from sales increased over 5 years from 1.27 million rubles in 2013 to 7.8 million rubles in 2017. In the structure of costs, seeds and seedlings account for 24%, and the share of wages – 29%.

The new variety Blagodatny of determinate tomato is for open ground and small-size plastic greenhouses, with firm fruits; its commercial properties are well retained within 20-25 days from the date of harvesting in milky ripeness stage. The fruits are round, firm, can be consumed fresh, and are also good for pickling and conservation.

The economic importance of chicory root as raw material for the food industry and for other sectors of the economy is presented in the article. Healing properties of the culture and its application in the medical purposes have been also shown.

When working with pollen, it is important to keep its functional parameters for some time. To do this, it is necessary to select the best conditions to preserve microgametophyte germination. The influence of two methods of pollen collection and storage of inbred plants of beetroot on their functional characteristics, at germination on an artificial nutrient medium under in vitro conditions was studied. In the first variant pollen was harvested from full-blown flowers in sealed sample bottles, in the second variant small branches with flowers and large buds were separated from inflorescence, placed in paper and then in polyethylene bags and stored till germination in a refrigerated heating circulator at 10-12 deg. C (control is freshly harvested pollen). It is shown that when storing pollen in sample bottles, the pollen viability decreased 3-10 times depending on a sample compared to the initial value already on the second or third days, and after a week of storage, pollen conglomerated, the number of burst pollen grains in the preparation increased. When stored in flowers and in branch buds on the seventh to eighth days, the decrease in pollen viability was no more than 30% of the control, and the growth rate of the pollen tube in most samples remained approximately at the control level. And the sample distribution pattern as to microgametophyte viability retained. The linear dependence covariance coefficient between the viability values before and after week-long storage was R2=0.94. That is, for evaluating the functional microgametophyte parameters of inbred beetroot plants , it is recommended to store pollen directly in branches of blossom placed in paper and then in polyethylene bags at a reduced temperature of 10-12 deg C. This is important when working with a large set of samples where it is not possible to compare them at the same time. | Важным условием при работе с пыльцой является сохранение ее функциональных параметров в течение определенного времени, для чего необходимо подобрать оптимальные условия, позволяющие сохранять жизне- и оплодотворяющую способность микрогаметофита. С этой целью изучено влияние двух способов сбора и хранения пыльцы инбредных растений свеклы столовой на ее функциональные характеристики при проращивании на искусственной питательной среде в условиях in vitro. В первом варианте пыльцу собирали с распустившихся цветков в герметично закрываемые бюксы, во втором – отделяли от соцветия небольшие веточки с цветками и крупными бутонами, помещали их бумажные, а затем в полиэтиленовый пакеты и хранили до проращивания в хладотермостате при 10…12 град. С (контроль – свежесобранная пыльца). Показано, что при хранении пыльцы в бюксах уже на вторые-третьи сутки жизнеспособность (ЖСП) в зависимости от образца снижалась в 3-10 раз по сравнению с исходным значением, а после недельного хранения она слипалась в конгломераты, и увеличивалось число лопнувших пыльцевых зерен в препарате. При хранении в цветках и бутонах на веточках снижение ЖСП на 7-8-е сутки хранения составляло не более 30% от контроля, а скорость роста пыльцевой трубки у большинства образцов оставалась на уровне контрольной. При этом характер распределения образцов по уровню ЖСП микрогаметофита сохранялся. Коэффициент ковариации линейной зависимости между значениями ЖСП до и после недельного хранения составил R2=0,94. То есть, для оценки функциональных параметров микрогаметофита инбредных растений свеклы столовой рекомендуется хранение пыльцы непосредственно на цветущих веточках, помещенных в бумажные, а затем в полиэтиленовый пакеты, при пониженной положительной температуре 10-12 град. С. Это важно при работе с большим набором образцов, когда нет возможности провести их сравнительный анализ единовременно.

In the Moscow region, for a long-term species of onion in winter, a complex of limiting factors determines their winter hardiness. To characterize the period from November to March 2014-2017, the winter severity index (Woz) was calculated on a scale from 0 to 10 points (0 - very soft, 10 - very severe). The severity of winter in 2014-2015 was 2.91 points, 2015-2016 - 3.14 points, 2016-2017 - 4.75 points. The average percentage of overwintered plants for each sample was determined by the ratio of the number of living plants to the number of dead plants. Many varieties of Welsh onion were not sufficiently winter-hardy, including Krasny, Podsnezhnik, Russky razmer, Krasavets, Aprelsky, Russky zimny. Stably high 100% winter hardiness was shown by a variety of Welsh onion Zelenye peryshki. From the studied 71 species and 194 samples of onions of perennial different ecological and geographical origin under the conditions of the Moscow region in the subgenus Amerallium plants A. neapolitanum Cirillo (Molium section) and A. ursinum L. (section Arctoprasum), and also in the subgenus Nectaroscordum A. bulgaricum plants (Janka) Prodn (section Nectaroscordum (Lindl.) Gren. and Godr.) in the winter of 2014-2015 died completely. Winter in 2016-2017 in the subgenus Rhizirideum, section Rhizirideum G. Don ex Koch A. senescens L. was overwintered by plants 75%, A. nutans L. – 90-95% depending on the sample, A. stellarianum Willd. 15 %. In subgenus Melanocrommyum, section Melanocrommyum Webb and Berthel. s.s. plants A. cyrillii Ten. 75% overwintered. In the subgenus Butomissa, sections Butomissa (Salisb.) Kamelin plants Allium odorum L. 86-93% overwintered depending on the sample. In the subgenus Cepa, the section Schoenoprasum Dum. plants A. ledebourianum Schult. and Schult. overwintered 75%. 100% of the remaining species overwintered. | В Московской области для многолетних видов луков в зимний период складывается комплекс лимитирующих факторов, определяющих их зимостойкость. Для характеристики периода ноябрь-март 2014-2017 гг. был рассчитан индекс суровости зимы (Woz) по шкале от 0 до 10 баллов (0 – очень мягкая, 10 – очень суровая). Степень суровости зимы 2014-2015 гг. составила 2,91 балла, 2015-2016 гг. – 3,14 балла, 2016-2017 гг. – 4,75 балла. Средний процент перезимовавших растений по каждому образцу определяли отношением числа живых растений к числу погибших. Многие сорта лука батуна оказались недостаточно зимостойкими, в том числе Красный, Подснежник, Русский размер, Красавец, Апрельский, Русский зимний. Стабильно высокую100% зимостойкость показал сорт лука батуна Зеленые перышки. Из изученных 71 вида и 194 образцов луков многолетних различного эколого-географического происхождения в условиях Московской области в подроде Amerallium растения A. neapolitanum Cirillo (секции Molium) и A. ursinum L. (секция Arctoprasum), а также в подроде Nectaroscordum растения A. bulgaricum (Janka) Prodn (секция Nectaroscordum (Lindl.) Gren. and Godr.) в зиму 2014-2015 гг. погибли полностью. Зиму 2016-2017 гг. в подроде Rhizirideum, секции Rhizirideum G. Don ex Koch растения A. senescens L. перезимовали 75%, A. nutans L. – 90-95% в зависимости от образца, A. stellarianum Willd. – 15%. В подроде Melanocrommyum, секции Melanocrommyum Webb and Berthel. s.s. растения A. cyrillii Ten. перезимовали 75%. В подроде Butomissa, секции Butomissa (Salisb.) Kamelin растения Allium odorum L. перезимовали 86-93% в зависимости от образца. В подроде Cepa, секции Schoenoprasum Dum. растения A. ledebourianum Schult. and Schult. перезимовали 75%. Остальные виды перезимовали 100%.

The purpose of research was to develop the stages of obtaining heterosis hybrids F1 of watermelon. To solve the problem of creating heterosis watermelon hybrids, a parent line with nuclear (gene) male sterility, which has a marker recessive trait – a single leaf blade has been obtained. On the basis of this line, there are created F1 watermelon hybrids that meet the requirements of modern production. The characteristic of the maternal line (line Hms) having sterile male flowers (gene ms) and leaf wholeness (nl), light green color of the fruit (g), which is also a recessive trait. The assessment on complex resistance to Fusarium and Anthracnose in linear hybrids F1 watermelon showed their superiority over the parent lines and a significant excess of the standard. Determined was the combining ability of hybrid combinations of watermelon for yield. A positive effect on productivity was shown by a combination with the paternal lines: Uspekh, Nitsa, Medunok, Vostorg, Favorite, Stimul, Ikar, Rubyn, Pamyat Kholodova. The effect of more than 20 t/ha was shown by paternal lines Pamyat Kholodova, Favorite, Ikar. The optimal variant of the parent forms ratio is o: m: o: m: o (1:2), this scheme provides a higher hybridity of the obtained seeds. Hybridity of the seeds obtained in the nurseries of preliminary and competitive variety testing was from 84.2 to 96.3%, which is satisfactory for industrial crops. Selected were hybrids Line Hms x Rubyn, Line Hms x Medunok, the Line Hms x Favorite, Line Hms x Vostorg, Line Hms x Ikar. There was developed a scheme of obtaining heterosis hybrids F1 of watermelon comprising 5 stages: selecting a maternal line, selecting a paternal line, pre-evaluating hybrid combinations by valuable characters, propagating paternal forms and obtaining hybrid seeds. | Целью исследований являлась разработка этапов получения гетерозисных гибридов F1 арбуза. Для решения проблемы создания гетерозисных гибридов арбуза выделена материнская линия с ядерной (генной) мужской стерильностью, обладающая маркёрным рецессивным признаком – цельная листовая пластинка. На основе этой линии создаются гибриды F1 арбуза, отвечающие требованиям современного производства. Приведена характеристика материнской линии (Линия Чms), имеющей стерильные мужские цветки (ген ms) и цельнолистность (nl), светло-зелёную окраску плода (g), также являющуюся рецессивным признаком. Оценка на комплексную устойчивость к фузариозу и антракнозу у линейных гибридов F1 арбуза показала их превосходство над родительскими линиями и значительное превышение стандарта. Определяли комбинационную способность гибридных комбинаций арбуза по урожайности. Положительный эффект по урожайности показали комбинации с отцовскими линиями: Успех, Ница, Медунок, Восторг, Фаворит, Стимул, Икар, Рубин, Память Холодова. Эффект более 20 ц/га проявили отцовские линии Память Холодова, Фаворит, Икар. Оптимальный вариант соотношения родительских форм о:м:о:о:м:о (1:2), эта схема обеспечивает более высокую гибридность полученных семян. Гибридность семян, полученных в питомниках предварительного и конкурсного сортоиспытания, составила от 84,2 до 96,3%, что удовлетворительно для производственных посевов. Выделились гибриды Линия Чms х Рубин, Линия Чms х Медунок, Линия Чms х Фаворит, Линия Чms х Восторг, Линия Чms х Икар. Разработана схема получения гетерозисных гибридов F1 арбуза, включающая 5 этапов: отбор материнской линии, отбор отцовских линий, предварительная оценка гибридных комбинаций по ценностным признакам, размножение родительских форм и получение гибридных семян.

Studies were conducted in the Moscow region. The object of research is leek (Allium porrum L.). As a result of carrying out an experiment with ten grades of leek of domestic and foreign selection high-quality reaction on accumulation of radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr is revealed. It is found out that leek is not the fissile accumulator of accumulation of pollyutant in the conditions of the Central Non-black zone. On the average on ten varieties accumulation 137Cs 13.5 made Bq/kg, at the level of 4. There were distinguished forms that contained less radionuclides in comparison with others. A group with the middle level of accumulation of radionuclide 90Sr: from 15.4 to 16.5 Bq/kg is most representative. The varieties Goliath and Kazimir are characterized by the high content of 90Sr. In the conditions of vegetation of 2016 and 2017 indicators on morphological features are received: number of leaves, plant height, leaf length, leaf width. It has been found that the Giraffe, accumulating 137Cs in a lower amount as compared to other varieties, excels substantially all varieties in such a quantitative sign as a "number of leaves". It should be noted that the analysis of the received results demonstrates that at a high level of 137Cs accumulation plants formed larger leaves and had a taller sheath in comparison with plants with a low level of accumulation of the element (137Cs). | Объект исследования – лук порей (Allium porrum L.). В качестве материала для исследований использованы десять сортов. Коллекционный питомник располагался на опытном участке в Московской области. В результате проведения эксперимента выявлена сортовая реакция по накоплению радионуклидов 137Cs и 90Sr. Выяснено, что лук порей не является активным аккумулятором накопления поллютантов в условиях Центральной Нечерноземной зоны. В среднем по десяти сортам накопление 137Cs составило 13,5 Бк/кг, при ранге 4. Выделены формы, которые содержали меньшее количество радионуклидов по сравнению с другими. Наиболее представительна группа со средним уровнем накопления радионуклидов 90Sr: от 15,4 до 16,5 Бк/кг. Высоким уровнем содержания 90Sr отличаются сорта Голиаф и Казимир. В условиях вегетации 2016 и 2017 гг. получены показатели по морфологическим признакам: число листьев, высота растения, длина листа, ширина листа. Установлено, что сорт Жираф, накапливающий 137Cs в меньшем количестве по сравнению с другими сортообразцами, превосходит существенно все по такому количественному признаку как "число листьев". Необходимо отметить, что анализ полученных результатов свидетельствует, что при высоком уровне накопления 137Cs растения сформировали более крупные листья и имели более высокий ложный стебель по сравнению с растениями с низким уровнем накопления элемента (137Cs).