Beans (Vicia faba L.) is the one of the ancient crops which have been cultivated and used for food. The historical note about bean utilization in ancient world and in Russia, and the information aboutcenters of origin, food value of seeds are presented in this review. Botanical characteristics of three bean varieties of VNIISSOK breeding are described.

The analysis of display of the quantitative traits in varieties of different groups (highly adaptive and highly responsive to changing environmental conditions) is shown. The utilization of varieties basedon their adaptive characteristics depending on the level of technology are recommended.

The basic  elements  of the ecological breeding  technology were study. The backgrounds for selection at different stages of breeding for adaptability of bean vegetable were chosen.

The results of the study of vegetable pea collection of domestic and foreign breeding are shown. The biological characteristics and seed productivity of 23 varieties of vegetable pea in conditionof the southwest of Central Russia were studied. The varieties were selected based on the time of ripening. The cv. «Premium» is very early,ripening variety which showed the industrial ripeness at39 days and biological ripeness at 45 days. The cv. «Maksdon» has a higher seed productivity (2,54 t per ha).

The technical specifications and test data in 2012-2014 of a new fixed-mobile seed extractor of pumpkin and squash seeds (varieties of different ripeness, size and shape of fruit and seeds) are presented.

The main results  of breeding  of vegetable  bean in the Voronezh Vegetable Research  Station are shown. Several varieties of vegetable bean are described.

Biological and economic  efficiency of the tank mixture herbicide Zenkor Techno and wetting agent Silwet Gold in potato cultivation under the Kaluga region was defined. The absence of significant changes  in the efficiency by varying herbicide application rates (1.0 or 0.8 kg / ha) and the volume of the working solution (3006200 kg / ha) was noted.

The article analyzes the current state and prospects of  protected  ground development in the Russian Federation based on the data of the Ministry  of Agriculture and  the Federal State Statistics Service. The indexes of production of vegetable crops in different regions of the  Russian Federation are given. The problems, which  are  holding back the greenhouse business, are  discussed. The possibilities of increasing the  area of protected ground and vegetable production are shown.

Developed by the academician Dragavtsev the method of ecologically geographic analysis of the polygenic characters proposes the study of different ecologically genetic systems such as adaptation, attraction, photoperiodic sensitivity, factors of limitation of mineral nutrition, etc.

Pumpkin fruits are the source of carbohydrates, mineral salts and vitamins during wintertime. The change of the biochemical compositions of pumpkin fruits depending on storage time has been studied. The results of chemical analysis revealed that during four months of storage the content of quality indicators increased followed by its reduction after five and more month of storage.