Relevance. In connection with the development of industrial hydroponics in the country, the need arose to create targeted varieties and hybrids of F1 small radish for salad lines, which have special requirements. They should be productive, early ripening and shade-tolerant, with a rounded root shape and a small compact rosette of leaves, resistant to premature stem formation (stem formation). Root vegetables should be juicy, dense, without voids and bitterness, as well as with a high content of ascorbic acid and other biologically active substances and low accumulation of pollutants.Methodology. The material for the study was selection samples of small radishes created in the laboratory of selection and seed production of table root crops of the Federal State Budgetary Institution " Federal Scientific Vegetable Center". The assessment of promising breeding material was carried out in the seedling department of the Richel greenhouse and in the production conditions of Moskovsky LLC according to the methods adopted by the Federal Scientific Center.Results. Based on the assessment results, promising leveled material was identified, adapted to the conditions of salad lines, both in terms of a set of characteristics and in individual areas of selection: No. 81 with high yield and marketability, having large red root crops of a round-oval shape and a small leaf rosette, No. 83 – with large roots, small leaf rosette and resistance to flowering, No. 80 is a genetic source of high resistance to flowering (3.6%) combined with marketability and a small leaf rosette. Genetic sources of high dry matter content were identified – the Dutch hybrid F1 Gloritet, monosaccharides – sample No. 83, ascorbic acid – No. 76, 81, 82, 84, high content of vitamin "C" and monosaccharides in root vegetables – No. 76. In the production conditions of Moskovsky LLC, three promising samples small radishes stood out with a yield of more than 2200 g per 1 m2 and a marketability of 93.9-96.8%, distinguished by large rounded red root crops, a small rosette of leaves and a thin axial root.

Relevance. The use of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of tomato in the first place should ensure the best conditions for the nutrition of plants during the entire growing season in accordance with their need.The research methodology was based on generally accepted methods for vegetable growing. The main goal of this study was to improve the zonal technology for cultivating tomato in open ground using leaf dressing with KCL and KNO3 preparations, aimed at increasing the level of yield during irrigation in the north of the Astrakhan region. Field experiments were carried out at the experimental irrigated land use area of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences" in the period from 2021 to 2023. The scientific novelty of the study was the theoretical and practical justification for the use of leaf dressing with KCL and KNO3 in the cultivation of vegetables, aimed at the formation of highly productive commercial products.Results. During the research work, a comparative analysis of various standards of use of drugs was carried out, highlighting the most promising option. Three-year studies found that the use of potassium fertilizer KCl with a concentration of 0.5%), 30... 40 days. after planting (flowering), 50 days. after planting and 60 days. after planting gave a significant increase in yield relative to the control option. Conclusions. Based on the results of the analysis, an average of five charges, the KCl treatment variant Background + 3 (concentration 0.5%) was identified, which had the highest yield of 130.56 t/ha. This option was significantly different from both control and other options under study. The increase relative to the control was + 4.08 t/ha or + 3.2%.

The regular inclusion of green vegetables in the diet is beneficial to human. In Russia the main time manufacture and consumption of fresh vegetable production falls in the June-October. Seasonality of consumption of vegetables may lower the conveyor production using secure ground, as well as the introduction of a larger number of species in the production of vegetable crops. One of the priority directions of the development of greenhouse vegetable production is the introduction of hydroponic technologies, including longline. In Federal Scientific Vegetable Center has passed the test of cultivars of lettuce, rocket salad, mustard leaf and watercress breeding laboratory of green and spicy taste cultures on multi-level narrow column hydroponics (MUG). It is shown that when grown on the installation of MUG, it is possible to obtain ecologically safe and valuable spicyflavoring and salad green products. The studied varieties are looking not only for growing hydroponic salad lines, but for multi-level narrow column hydroponics (vertical vegetable growing) during the off-season. The studied varieties are promising not only for growing on hydroponic salad lines, but for multi-level narrow column hydroponics (vertical vegetable growing) during the off-season.

Several early ripening pumpkin varieties adn hybrids with high yield and resistance to cold and diseases and high organoleptic properties were developed in Federal Scientific Vegetable Cencer. They are early, cold-resistant, yielding and resistant to a diseases and they have high taste and technological qualities of fruits. Most varieties of pumpkin need to fruit ripening to improve their taste. Lateripening varieties with long-term storage of fruits, until the end of November – early December, accumulate up to 10% of the amount of sugars. The timing of pumpering and storage of pumpkin fruits without loss of quality and taste indicators are individual for each variety and can vary greatly between each other. Gourds of a pumpkin of a dining room are shown as practically not requiring, and requiring in fruit ripening – from two weeks to two months. To a large extent, all varieties differ in terms of the shelf life of the fruit. Using these characteristics of varieties, even in the conditions of the Moscow region, you can create a continuous conveyor of consumption of pumpkin fruits. Recommendations are given on the timing of dosage and use of fruits of different varieties of pumpkin selection Federal Scientific Vegetable Center.

Relevance. A number of scientific studies confirm that consumption of fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, for example, consumption of fresh tomatoes and tomato products is inversely proportional to the development of certain types of cancer. Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. contains a large number of polyphenolic complexes, which are biologically active compounds. In this article, the authors have attempted for the first time to present the complete metabolomic composition of Solanum lycopersicum extracts.Materials and methods: As an object of research, authors used the extracts of Solanum lycopersicum L., from the collection of the Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, grown and collected at the Far Eastern Experiment Station Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution in September 2020 (varieties: k-5351 Ont77 13, Canada; k-3149 Rehovoth, Israel; 2698 Ukraine). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with a BRUKER DALTONIKS ion trap (tandem mass spectrometry) was used to identify target analytes in extracts obtained by the maceration method.Discussion: The results of initial studies revealed the presence of 36 biologically active compounds, of which 22 were identified for the first time in Solanum lycopersicum L. These are Apigenin, Luteolin, Kaempferol, Taxifolin, Myricetin, Coutaric acid, Caffeoylmalic acid, Caftaric acid, Dicaffeoylquinic acid, coumarins Fraxetin, and Fraxetin-7-O-beta-glucuronide, Pelargonidin, Salvianolic acid D, Rosmanol, Colnelenic acid, Ethyl rosemary, lignan Medioresinol-O-hexoside, Squalene, etc. The findings will help to intensify future research into the development and production of various functional food products containing targeted extracts of Solanum lycopersicum L.

Relevance. Hybrid seed production of carrots is carried out on a three-line basis, which suggests the presence of a male sterile maternal line and a fertile paternal line. For the reproduction of a male sterile line, a maintainer line is needed. The process of creating an isogenic pair of a manly sterile line – a maintainer line is of great complexity. As a maintainer line, it is necessary to use only a plant – a homozygote Cyt N msms for the core genes providing sterility, but with a normal cytoplasm. The purpose of the work is the creation of maintainer line for the sterility of carrots from the population of the Rogneda variety.Methods. Research were carried out: in 2016, at the experimental base of the Voronezh Vegetable Experimental Station (Voronezh Region); in 2017 - 2019, at the breeding center of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow Region). The material for the work was seed plants and roots of the Rogneda variety and hybrid, inbred, backcross progenies obtained from this population. Breeding methods: hybridization, inbreeding. Crosses used: simple direct and complex return (backcrosses), inbreeding.Results.Research revealed the possibility of searching for a maintainer line in the Rogneda variety. The P43f inbred progeny is potential line B, which maintains the CMS trait of the petaloid type at 100%. Of the 67 hybrid progenies, only P43st x P43f was left, in which all plants with male sterility. 65 hybrid progenies contained both sterile and fertile plants. Associated 65 inbred progenies had sterile and fertile plants, i.e. it makes no sense to try to obtain a maintainer line is needed. The process of creating an isogenic pair of a manly sterile line – a maintainer line from such fertile plants. Hybrid progeny of P4st x P4f had 100% fertile plants. The inbred progeny of P4f was represented only by fertile plants.

Material for research was fresh leaves of Amaranthus tricolor L. varieties Early Splendor. They were grown in a greenhouse (Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, Moscow region). Using GC-MS, 8 and 11 amino acids were identified in extracts of hetero- and autotrophic leaves. One of the mechanisms that provide resistance to stresses of various natures is the accumulation of free amino acids; therefore, the total content of antioxidants can serve as an indicator of plant resistance. The amino acids found in amaranth leaves have pronounced functional activity in the human body. For example, tyrosine is the most important neurotransmitter, stimulates the brain, is involved in the control of stress. In humans, the precursor of tyrosine is the essential amino acid phenylalanine, while tyrosine is formed by hydroxylation of the phenyl group of phenylalanine. In this case, the lack of the latter in food leads to a deficiency of tyrosine in the body. Tryptophan controls the body's protective and adaptive functions. Amino acids valine, leucine, glutamine, proline - stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal flora and biomass accumulation. Thus, the amino acid composition determines the nutritional and pharmacological value of amaranth leaf biomass. This indicates that amaranth leaves are a promising raw material for creating functional products and herbal remedies.

Microgreens are valued for their freshness and refined taste, and by adherents of a healthy diet – for their saturation with vitamins, trace elements, antioxidants, enzymes and valuable protein. The product enjoys steadily growing demand not only in the production segment (restaurants, cafes, supermarkets), but also in home cultivation – «vegetable garden on the window». Among vegetable crops, vegetable pea micro-greens are very popular, especially varieties with a mustachioed leaf type. It is this product that helps culinary masters to give products bright visual and taste accents. Few people know that among legumes, in addition to vegetable peas, there is an excellent alternative with no less nutritional value. This is a micro-green of vegetable beans. Bean shoots are more fleshy and juicy, crispy, sweet with a nutty taste, and most importantly, absolutely everyone can grow them. Obtaining microgreens from vegetable bean culture is a promising direction, since its nutritional value and biochemical composition are comparable to the microgreens of vegetable peas. The content of the main nutrients on average for the studied varieties of breeding of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC) is: protein – 20-35% (dry weight), ascorbic acid – 0,51 mg/g, carotenoids – 0,48 mg/g, monosaccharide – 1,15%, dry matter – 10,62%. However, vegetable beans have an undeniable advantage in cultivation – it is the possibility of using up to two or three cuts from one crop, due to the ability to form additional shoots when using the method of cutting under the «root». The yield from the container when sowing 100 seeds obtained in two cuts ranged from 320 g to 400 g, depending on the variety and method of cutting. The highest yield was obtained from the cv. Velena, which forms about 200 g of fresh shoots both in the first and second cut. According to the results of our research, it is recommended to use two cuts for the cv. Belorusskie and cv. Russkie chernye, while the cv. Velena is able to give a full-fledged microgreen even with the third cut.

Relevance. Growing European radishes in protected soil on hydroponics provides year-round fresh vitamin production. For the autumn-winter turnover shade-tolerant varieties with a short growing season are necessary. For the spring-summer turnover, the resistance of the variety to high temperatures and premature stem formation is of particular importance. Selection of targeted radish varieties is an energy-consuming process, which can be optimized by using an open-type multi-tier narrow-stack hydroponics installation with a different combination of limiting factors for tiers (light, heat).Methods and results. In Federal Scientific Vegetable Center radish varieties were tested in different conditions. The informativeness of the tiers on the installation as backgrounds for selection for adaptability and specificity is determined. It was found that the assessment and selection of productivity and large-fruited is effectively carried out on 1-2 tiers; for resistance to premature stem formation – on 1 tier; for shade tolerance, early ripening, with a stable manifestation of the marketable mass of the root crop – on 4-5 tiers. Radish varieties were selected as the starting material for the suitability for hydroponic cultivation of intensive type and highly adaptive. The uniqueness of the use of a multi-level narrow column hydroponics for the purpose of radish breeding is shown.

The historical reference of Asparagus officinalis (Asparagus officinalis L.), its species composition and practical use is given. Biological and agrotechnical features of culture, the most common diseases and pests are presented. Grades and methods of selection work. Sexual type of asparagus, perennial varieties and the ability of plants to vegetative propagation are important factors in asparagus breeding. The following methods are used in asparagus selection: hybridization; formation of male varieties via self-pollination of bisexual flowers found on male plants; utilization of the heterosis effect the formation of homozygous inbred-lines; production of tetraploid forms by exposure of colchicine to asparagus seedlings. Selection can be done either on individual plants or using multiple approach. Improvement of selection may be achieved using several parameters: plant yield, the mass of seedlings; plant height of the most developed shoot; the number of shoots. This allows to discard undesirable forms at early stages. Laboratory of green vegetables, spicy-flavoring and flower crops of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center possesses the collection nursery of 7 samples of Asparagus officinalis: K-25, K-28, K-41, K-46, Mary Washington Bruswick, Paradise. The latter are used for Asparagus selection with the aim to retain economically valuable traits.