The origin, the biological features, the food and medical value of common hyssop are presented. The agro-technology of growing of common hyssop in condition of central Russia is described. Two common hyssop varieties of VNIISSOK’s breeding included in to the State Register of selective breeding results (plant variety) of Russia are presented. Currently, the laboratory of breeding and seed development of leaf vegetable and spices crops of VNIISSOK is working on the initial breeding material for development of new varieties of common hyssop based on collected and local populations of Hyssopus officinalis L. Evaluation and selection of genotypes with various colors of pink are conducted in breeding nursery.

In the laboratory of leguminous crops of the “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of vegetable breeding and seed production”, more than 100 samples of pea are studied annually. As a result, pre-breeding collection of the sources of agronomical valuable traits was developed. It is utilized for development of new pea varieties resistant to lodging. In 2012- 2014, the crossing were conducted. As a result of selection in F2-F6, the lines of different groups of maturity with lodging resistance were selected. These transgressing forms are suitable for canning, deep freezing, and drying. The following samples are recommended for development of high yielded varieties: «102- 82А5Б4» is the middle-early variety, the progenitor of early ripening cv. «Korsar» applied for the state variety trial in 2015 and two promising samples «15 КСИ 15» and «9 КСИ». The «16-05» is the middle-early variety, the transgressive form for the trait «seed amount per nod» with high attachment of lower bean. The sample «K-8915» is the middle-early genotype, high productive, with high attachment of lower bean. The sample «Troyika» is recommended for development of high productive, late ripening initial breeding material. As a result of step crossing this sample is characterized by late maturity, by three bean per nod, and by high attaching of lower bean. The sample «CM-10 m» is distinct in the aphyllous type of leaf, resistance to powdery mildew, paired bean, suitable for canning and drying. This sample was selected as a transgressive form for stem anatomy structure (spongy cell tissue) from sample developed by complex step hybridization. Owing the distinctive feature in the stem anatomy structure, this sample can be recommended as a main parental form for development of varieties resistant to lodging.

Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. is the one of the causative agent of disease of the family of Brassicaceae, that results in decrease of white head cabbage yield up to 10-60%. The aim of the work was the study of genetic variability of doubled haploid lines of white head cabbage obtained by the isolated microspore culture in vitro aimed at selection of the lines resistant to P. Brassicae and development of resistant hybrids. The doubled haploid lines of white head cabbage were evaluated for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae using the method of inoculation of seedlings by pathogen in the control condition of the chamber room. As a result of assessment, the high disease distribution among doubled haploid lines was found (25- 100%), but disease development was not higher than 68%. The score of infestation was 0.5-3.3, that was comparable with the standard (3.5). The plants of the lines 3-3-3 did not exhibit any symptoms of disease that can indicate of efficiency of its gene resistance or pathogen heterogeneity. The lines with high resistance to P. brassicae were used as a parental lines for development of F1 hybrids. Using the top-crossing method the forty-two hybrid combinations were developed based on self-incompatibility. These hybrid combinations were analyzed for clubroot resistance in the field conditions on an artificial infectious background in Moscow region. Based on the data of two-year experiments, all tested hybrid combinations were divided into the groups of relatively tolerant (52.4%) and susceptible (45.2%) genotypes. Only one hybrid combination developed with line 3-3-3 has proved to be tolerant. The score of infestation of hybrid combinations varied from 0 to 1.8. The score of infestation of the standard was 2.5. The disease distribution reached 80% but disease development varied from 0 to 25%.

The potato is one of the main strategic crops in the Russian Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Currently, we have achieved significant advances in the understanding of metabolic mechanism of carbohydrate and interconversion «sucrose – starch» in potato tubers. Sucrose synthase (Sus) is a key enzyme in the breakdown of sucrose. Sucrose synthase (Sus) is catalyzing a reversible reaction of conversion sucrose and UDP into fructose and UDP-glucose. The identification and subsequent characterization of the genes encoding plant sucrose synthase is the first step towards understanding their physiological roles and metabolic mechanism involved in carbohydrate accumulation in potato tubers. In the present work the nucleotide and amino acid polymorphism of the Sus4 gene fragments containing sequences of the sucrose synthase domain were analyzed. Sus4 gene fragments (intron III – exon VI) in 9 potato cultivars of Russian, Kazakh and Belarusian breeding were analyzed. The polymorphism of the Sus4 sucrose synthase domain sequences was first examined. The length of analyzed fragment varied from 977 b.p. (cultivars Favorit, Karasaiskii, Miras) to 1013 b.p. (cultivars Zorochka, Manifest, Elisaveta, Bashkirskii). It was demonstrated that the examined sequences contained point mutations, as well as insertions and deletions. The common polymorphism level was 5.82%. It was shown that the examined sequences contained 58 SNPs and 4 indels. The most variable were introns IV (12.4%) and V (9.18%). The most variable was exon IV. 7 allelic variants were detected. 6 different amino acid sequences specific to different varieties were also identified.

New tomato varieties suitable for growing in open area and greenhouses were developed. The cultivar «Sodruzhestvo» with low content of acids, high content of sugars and dry matters is recommended for baby foods and dietetic nutrition. The fruits of cv. «Voskhod of VNIISSOK’s» are red, solids, and suitable for stuffing.

In the system of full diallel crossing 11 x 11, 110 F1 tomato hybrids for mechanical harvesting were obtained. The results of study of the degree of variability and the character of dominance and heterosis effect of F1 hybrids based on economically valuable traits at one-time harvesting. The degree of variability and the nature of the inheritance of economically valuable features and properties of F1 tomato hybrids depends on the initial forms for hybridization, the direction of crossing and the conditions of its growing.

Kiwano plants, or horned cucumber (Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey ex Naudin) was grown in the open field in several experimental plots in the south of West Siberia (54,95025 N, 83,09763 E). Fruits production was correlated with night air temperature sum and soil organic matter content, reaching the maximum of 2.7 kg (fresh phytomass) per plant. Fruit size and some basic juice characteristics were similar to those of kiwano fruits grown elsewhere in the world. The vegetative phytomass grown was correlated with day air temperature sum, being practically independent of soil chemical properties. Thus kiwano can be recommended as a crop to be grown in the open field in the south of West Siberia and other regions of Russia with similar soil and environmental conditions.