Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch. is distributed in the middle belt of the Pamir and Altai mountains. The local population uses leaves and bulbs for food in fresh and canned form. Selective forms of onion Oshanina still does not exist. The research was carried out in the AllRussian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing" (VNIIO branch of FGBNU FNCS) in 20142017. The object of the study was a collection of five samples of A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch. of various origins. Experiments were conducted to study and describe the biological and economic features of onion Oshanin (Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch.) In the Moscow region; statistical processing and analysis of research results; methods for describing the characteristics used to assess distinctness, uniformity and stability are given. The object of the research was a collection of five samples A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch. of various origins. Methodical recommendations for registration of onion Oshanin (A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch.) In the State Register of Selection Achievements, admitted to use in the territory of the Russian Federation, for introduction into culture and introduction into production, are developed. The methodological recommendations have been prepared in accordance with the principles of similar methods used in UPOV and the State Commission of the Russian Federation for Testing and Preservation of Selection Achievements. A system of parameters has been developed, the use of which will ensure the contribution of new knowledge to the theory and practice of seed selection and production, will help to speed up the development of new varieties and hybrids with high winter hardiness, with early and harmonious growth of leaves, a long period of preservation of commercial qualities of green products resistant to peronosporosis for the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, to assess the effectiveness of selection work in order to increase yields, improve product quality and increase the resistance of new varieties to the impact of factors on of the circling medium. The results of the research can be used in breeding organizations and state stations, in the description of new varieties based on the characteristics used to assess distinctness, uniformity and stability.

147 new forms were obtained only from nine responsive unpollinated ovules of summer squash in 2015-2017. The cytological analysis is used to estimate the level of ploidy in regenerated plants R0. The small size of mitotic chromosomes and large number in Cucurbita genus make it difficult to count them even though they are well separated. As a result of analysis the optimal method of chromosome staining has been chosen with the use of modified propiono- lacmoid cytological technique. The rootlet tips and apical meristems were used to make smear preparations. As it was shown the summer squash was a difficult species as a cytological object because of low mitosis frequency and low number of metaphase plates with well scattered chromosomes. The photos of chromosomes in squash C. pepo subsp. brevicaulis var. giraumons Duch; distant hybrid (breeding accession N37) between variety ‘Cornishon’ and winter squash C. pepo subsp. longicaulis Greb. var. pepo and doubled haploid plants produced from them were made. In spite of the small size 2 μm the chromosomes observed were clearly seen. Nearly all regenerated plants that had been analyzed passed well the adaptation in vivo and occurred to be a doubled haploids (2n = 2x=40). The seed progeny was then obtained through self-pollination. About 20% of plants R0 analyzed were mixploids and supposedly only 7% were haploids.

The popularity and wide spread of table beet due to its high nutritional qualities, content of biologically active substances (betaine and betanin), that make it a functional food. For Russia, characterized by a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions, varieties with high adaptability are necessary. Results of studying the genetic resources of table beet, including evaluation of cold resistance and non-bolting, monogermicity, productivity and quality of production are given in article. 56 accessions received by the collection of VIR from 17 countries are served as material for researches. Field study, evaluation of accessions during storage and analysis were carried out according to the methodological instructions of VIR. The evalution of the different origin beet accessions for their bolting showed that varieties from Sweden and Finland, as well as from the northwestern region of Russia, were the most bolting resistant. The variation in the level of bolting in domestic varieties of table beet was significant: from resistant to strongly bolting. The greatest tendency to bolting was observed in domestic varieties of southern origin. The harmfulness of the black root is especially significantly in the modern technology of beet cultivation, when sowing is carried out at a given density of standing plants. There are no varieties absolutely resistant to black root yet. Extra Early Egypt (USA), Banko (Sweden) and Fire Chief (USA), Detroit Supra and Detroit Bolivar (Netherlands), Kholodostoikaya 19 (Belarus), Bravo (Russia) were carried out from the studied accessions. The varieties of wide range, which annually provide a stable harvest in different soil and climatic conditions: Special Crosby (USA) and Forono (Denmark), Bordo 237 (Russia). For the Northern areas as well as inwinter and early spring sowings varieties Fiere Chief и Extra Early (USA), Banko and Adoptiv (Sweden), Podzimnyaya-474 Polyarnaya Ploskaya (Russia) are suitable.

Studies were conducted in the Moscow region. The object of research is leek (Allium porrum L.). As a result of carrying out an experiment with ten grades of leek of domestic and foreign selection high-quality reaction on accumulation of radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr is revealed. It is found out that leek is not the fissile accumulator of accumulation of pollyutant in the conditions of the Central Non-black zone. On the average on ten varieties accumulation 137Cs 13.5 made Bq/kg, at a grade 4. However at the study of high quality standards forms that contained less radionuclides in comparison with others were allocated. On maintenance 90Sr distribution on the groups of accumulation of sorts approaches normal. A group is most representative with the middle level of accumulation of radionuclide 90Sr: from 15.4 to 16.5 Bq/kg. It contains two standards from ten studied forms by the high level of maintenance 90Sr sorts differ Goliath and Kazimir. In the conditions of vegetation of 2016 and 2017 indicators on morphological features are received: number of leaves, plant height, leaves length, leaves width. By us it is defined that the varieties of Giraffes, accumulating 137Cs in less as compared to other standards of varieties, excels substantially all standards of varieties 137Cs on such quantitative sign as a "number of leaves". It should be noted that the analysis of the received results demonstrates that at a high level of accumulation 137Cs of a plant created larger leaves and had higher chance stalk in comparison with plants with low level of accumulation of an element (137Cs).

Research conducted at the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection found that when using the peripheral and internal cloves of garlic for planting in comparison with the use of them of different locations without calibrating them by mass, during the growth between the variants differences in the area of the leaf surface of plants were observed. Indicator of the foliage also depends on of the location of the garlic cloves in the bulb. The location of garlic cloves, peripheral and internal, as a planting material, also affects the growth of vegetative mass formation and bulb weight. In the bulb structure the peripheral cloves of garlic have some increase in their quality over internals (the ratio is in the range of 60:40%). Analysis of the obtained productivity data makes it possible to note that in the formation of high yields of non-clotting garlic, the location of the clove of garlic in the bulb is of the leading importance. Differences in gross and commodity yields, between variants (B3) and (B2) are not so great, but the advantage of the first one is everywhere traced. Studies have also found that the use of all garlic cloves for planting at different locations without calibrating them by weight, leads to differently bulbs maturing time, which makes the harvesting process more difficult and leads to additional labor costs, in which case when harvesting - 24% of it consist of small noncommodity bulbs. The use of the same mass garlic cloves of different locations for planting ensures the simultaneous of ripening, a greater proportion of standard bulbs and a high quality of planting material.

Fermentation is a very complex dynamic process with numerous chemical, physical, and microbiological changes affecting the quality of the finished product. At present, in the industry starter cultures are practically not used, which leads to large losses of finished products (up to 40 %). The use of starter cultures allows not only to obtain high quality products, but also to significantly reduce production losses. The aim of the research was to study the process of directed fermentation of white cabbage variety "Slava" using strains of lactic acid bacteria and their consortium, taking into account the degree of their mutual influence. The following lactobacilli were used as strains of lactic acid bacteria – Lactobacillus brevis VKM V1309, Lactobacillus plantarum VKM V-578. Experiments were carried out on model media to obtain comparative data. In the process of directional fermentation using strains of lactic acid microorganisms and their consortium for the first time studied the dynamics of changes in quality indicators. Mathematical models developed in the course of research adequately describe the degree of destruction of glucose and fructose during fermentation. The model medium was made of white cabbage (raw material) for research, for this purpose it was subjected to homogenization and sterilization in order to create optimal conditions for the development of the target microflora and to determine the degree of destruction of glucose and fructose by various strains of lactic acid microorganisms. In the process of research, we found that the use of a consortium of lactic acid bacteria (L. brevis + L. plantarum) for this culture medium is impractical, but the addition of fructose in the amount of 0,5% by weight of the model medium can significantly intensify the process of fermentation of white cabbage.

The problem of stability of plants of the onion to the most nocuous diseases acquired in the world a paramount value. Untrue mealy dew or peronosporoz onion related to their number, astonishes many kinds of the sort Allium L. and, primarily, onion napiform. Information of presence of immune grades of the onion of napiform are absent, are just of the grade with various level of stability. In years, the favorable for development of this disease, it can cause larger losses at cultivation a sevka, onions turnip and seeds. This disease almost everywhere is widespread. The activator of a peronosporoz is the mushroom of Peronospora destructor (Berk) of Casp. the typical obligate parasite living and eating on the growing plants and striking leaves and flower-colored. Use of expensive chemical means of struggle just limits dissemination of peronosporoz, but radically does not solve the problem of protection of plants, not to mention deterioration in an ecological situation. At selection of the onion of napiform to resistance to peronosporoz interspecific hybridization is the most promising, though this way is long and difficult. The main purpose with the use of interspecific hybridization is creation of forms combining presence of stored bulbs and with high resistance to peronosporoz and sufficient a fecundity. The pollen of plants for transfer of genes supervising high stability and high content they be valuable substances from multi-annual onions to the onion to napiform. In the article results of joint researches of the laboratory of selection of onions cultures, genetics and cytology, immunity of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of selection and seed farming of vegetable cultures (VNIISSOK) on development of methods of interspecific hybridization and creation of the forms of interspecific hybrids combining presence of stored bulb with high resistance to peronosporoz, the technology of selection process, results of selection and interspecific hybrids of the onion created in the VNIISSOK and approved to use in various Russia regions are presented.

The article reveals the essence and systemizes the advantages of agricultural cooperation. In the vegetable subcomplex of the agricultural sector of the economy, this type of cooperation helps attract investment and reduce risks for investors, increases the competitiveness and economic growth of the region. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that many aspects of the functioning of agricultural cooperatives remain inadequate to apply to individual sectors, in particular, to the vegetable subcomplex of the agricultural sector. The purpose of the research is to develop recommendations for managing the innovative development of the vegetable subcomplex of the agricultural sector of the regional economy (by the example of the Samara region). In preparing the article, general scientific methods of research were used: analysis and synthesis, generalization, comparison, classification. The state of vegetable growing in the Samara region is analyzed. The main problems of its innovative development are singled out. The advantages of agricultural cooperation as a modern tool for management of innovative development are systematized. The importance of cooperation within the vegetable subcomplex of the agrarian sector of the regional economy, which is of strategic importance for ensuring the food security of the region and Russia in general. Existing models of cooperation in vegetable growing in the Samara region are analyzed. The goal, tasks and main problems of the management system of innovative development of the vegetable subcomplex of the agrarian sector of the regional economy are formulated. As a result of the study, recommendations were proposed on the formation of a management system for innovative development of the vegetable subcomplex of the agrarian sector of the regional economy.

The work is carried out in the framework of the onion F1 breeding program. The practical purpose of the work is to carry out genetic selection of onion forms using molecular genetic markers of male sterility in the course of obtaining the maternal line for heterotic selection of F1 hybrids. The scientific component of these studies was the study of the population-genetic basis of various types of male sterility in onions of the Belarusian genmplasma. We used belarusian varieties Vetraz and Skarb litvinov and a collection of other varieties and hybrids. Markers of the mitochondrial genes orfA501, cob and the nuclear alleles Ms/ms, cosegregating with genes of fertility restorer/S-sterility maintainer genes, were studied. It has been shown that in the Vetraz variety are observed plants with the N- or T-cytotype in N-cytoplasm (TN-). The belarusian variety Scarb litvinov contains plants with the cytotypes N-, S, TN-, SN-, STN-. As a result, it was concluded that the male sterility of the Vetraz variety is T-type, and in the Scarp litvinov variety is complex, and is caused by the cytoplasmic alleles S- and T-. In both varieties: Vetraz and Scarb litvinov the sources of the ms locus causing the S-type of male sterility have been identified. Less than one-fifth of the number of world collection of varieties and hybrids was detected as Scytotype. This value is smaller than the value given in the scientific literature. However it may reflect the significant spread of the original S-cytoplasm of a single plant of the shortday Italian Red variety in the world onion germplasm.

As part of working on the solution of the task of importing asparagus beans, it is necessary to create a conveyor of green beans for vegetables during the growing season under the conditions of the Central Nonchernozem Zone (CNZ). In this regard, in 2018, work was continued on the evaluation of the existing collection of the FSBSI FSVC on economically valuable grounds, which allowed pre-select promising samples for further breeding work. According to the results of the assessment of the collection variety samples of vegetable beans in 2018, 30 variety samples of different groups of ripeness were identified as initial forms for breeding work on creating varieties that meet the requirements of the processing industry and creating a conveyor for producing asparagus products in the CNZ. Selected varieties are described and evaluated for the productivity of beans and seeds, suitability for mechanized harvesting, quality of the bean, seed size, resistance to the most harmful diseases. It is important to note that the year 2018 was unfavorable for the optimal development of culture due to the negative weather conditions that developed from the 3rd decade of May to the 2nd decade of June. This has made its own adjustments to the development of plants, as a result of which the assessment on some grounds is not indicative.