The organizational aspects of reproduction in a swine heard were featured, the productivity indices of the crossbred sows obtained through the crisscrossing of the Belarusian Large White, Belarusian Black and White and Estonian Bacon pig breeds were given. The duration of the gestation period for the sows of different origin was shown. The results of the realized experiment showed that at all stages of reproduction there was required the full-value feeding and the maintenance of animals, observance of terms of revealing of sexual hunting and timely insemination of sow. For the systematic increase of swine productivity for selection of replacement pigs for reproduction besides the standard indicators it was necessary to consider the duration of gestation period. In course of study there was stated the well-defined consistent pattern of increasing of pig average weight which were born from sows with the lengthened gestation period. Piglets with the standard and extended term of prenatal growth showed higher indices of body weight at a birth and surpassed their herd mates with the shortened duration of prenatal development on 8,6-10,5% (Р less 0,001). Heavy litter of pigs affected the intensity of their subsequent development. At the weaning stage the weight of 1 pig with the shortened prenatal development was 6,25 kg, and the weight of pigs with the standard and extended periods - 6,62 kg (Р less 0,001) and 6,89 kg (Р less 0,001), respectively and exceeded on 5,9% and 10,2%. The 3-month age pigs with the shortened prenatal development lag behind herd mates with the standard and extended period of prenatal development in the indices of growing capacity on 1,2-1,4 kg (4,0-4,6%). The same tendency was noted after fattening period

In the process of monogastric animal feeding, including pigs, the special role is played by the quality of coarse grain crops as they compose 70-75% of swine ration structure. Determination of fodder productive effect on fattening swine was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. The basis of the analyzed fodder was formed by fodder grain of extra fine grade. Research results showed the following: inclusion of extra fine grade barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) (chosen in accordance with the standard of the Republic of Belarus) into all-in-one mixed fodders SK-26 and SK-31 for fattening swine made it possible to obtain higher productive capacity of the experimental animals in comparison with the identical mixed fodders containing barley and wheat of other grades (chosen in accordance with All-Union State Standard 28672-90); in the experimental groups the average daily weight gain in course of the fattening period was on 34 grams higher, and the average selling weight of 1 head - on 4,1 kg than in the control group. Swine which were fed with the presented mixed fodders with grain extra fine grade showed fewer deviations from the rated value of metabolism (blood serum protein and its fractions, calcium, phosphorus, acid capacity) in comparison with the control groups

Results of studies of the influence of two biological products produced on the basis of sapropel (putrid mud) of the Ganarata lake (Mostovski district, the Republic of Belarus) on quality of legume-grass silage were presented. It was established, that analyzed preparations could be used as the preserving agents for preparation of herbal forages. The preserving action of the preparations was caused by the intensification of lactic bacteria development in silaging mass for the account of humic acids, as well as by the fungicidal action of phenolic and carboxylic fractions of the preparation. Silage preparation in combinations with putrid mud preparations made it possible to lower the losses of a crude protein on 11,3-15,6%, sugar - on 33,3%, carotin - on 20% and to obtain forage with concentration of exchange energy 9,20-9,38 mJ per 1 kg of dry matter. Silage application in combination with biological products rendered positive impact on milking efficiency of cows, the average daily milk yields in the experimental cow groups were on 1,3-1,4 kg or 6,8-7,3% higher. Application of higher quality feeds made it possible to lower the expenses of forages on 0,04 fodder units. Research results proved that the analysed preparations from sapropel could be used as an efficient conservants for silage preparations. They made it possible to raise forage quality at the minimum expenses

Results of determination of yielding capacity, chemical composition of initial weight and silage quality of forages prepared from the binary mixtures of Japanese millet (Panicum curs-galli var. frumentaceum), millet (Panicum) and saccharine sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum) realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus were presented. Research results showed that the binary mixture of saccharine sorghum with blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) in ratio of 70% + 30%, respectively made it possible to obtain the highest efficiency (62,4 t/ha of green material, 15,1 t/ha of dry matter, 13,1 t/ha of fodder units). Mixed sowing of millet, Japanese millet and saccharine sorghum with blue lupine surpassed in productivity the single-crop sowing on 15,5-32,6%. It was established, that the silage produced from the mixture of sorghum and Japanese millet with lupine had higher energy and protein nutritive value: 0,86 and 0,98 fodder unit, respectively; 9,77 and 9,92 mJ of exchange energy per 1 kg of dry matter, respectively; 103, 3 and 108,4 grams of digestible protein per 1 fodder unit. High nutritive value and the best palatability of trial silos promoted the increasing of milk yield on 4,4-5,4% in comparison with the control tests. Haylage which was produced from drought resistant crops had high energy nutritive value: per 1 kg of dry matter there was noted 9,40-9,48 mJ of available energy, 0,89-0,94 fodder units with fodder unit provision with 102-114 grams of digestible protein

There was estimated the indogenic intoxication development in animal, experimentally affected with larval cestodoses and its influence on meat quality. In the tabular form the indicators of farm animal parasitizing with larval cestodoses are presented; development indicators of endogenic intoxications of sheep parasitized with cysticercus; development indicators of endogenic intoxications of the rats parasitized with echinococcus larvacyst; dynamics of hematological indicators at sheep, experimentally infected with eggs Т Hydatigena; dynamics of hematological indicators of the laboratory rats experimentally infected with eggs Е granulosus; organoleptic meat characteristics of healthy sheep and sheep which affected with С Tenuicollis; biological value of sheep meat. As a result of the spent research it is revealed, that parasitizing of larval cestodoses at farm animals is accompanied by development of endogenic intoxications and as consequence considerably reduces quality of meat production. | Цель работы заключалась в оценке развития эндогенной интоксикации у животных, экспериментально инвазированных яйцами тениид, и ее влияния на качество получаемой мясной продукции. В табличной форме представлены показатели пораженности сельскохозяйственных животных личиночными формами цестод; показатели развития эндогенной интоксикации овец, пораженных цистицерками тенуикольными; показатели развития эндогенной интоксикации крыс, пораженных ларвоцистами эхинококка; динамика гематологических показателей у овец, экспериментально инвазированных яйцами Т. Hydatigena; динамика гематологических показателей лабораторных крыс, экспериментально зараженных яйцами Е. granulosus; органолептические показатели мяса овец здоровых и пораженных С. Tenuicollis; биологическая ценность мяса овец. В результате проведенных исследований выявлено, что паразитирование личиночных форм цестод у сельскохозяйственных животных сопровождается развитием эндогенной интоксикации и как следствие значительно снижает качество мясной продукции.

Research results on usage of DNA-markers (RYRI, FABP, ESRF18/FUTI) and other factors for industrial pork production were presented. It was determined that DNA-technologies let conduct interbreed crossing on industrial scale and get diverse (fat or meat, with different fat content) products, as well as increase pork production in general. The best variants of crossing combinations were pigs of the Belarus large white breed with Belarus meat and Dyurok, and also the Belarus large white breed with Landras and Dyurok. Research results showed, for in course of the whole period of breeding the daily average weight gain of hybrids of the large white with the Belarus meat and breeds Landras was higher than with the Estonian bacon on 25 and 18 g, respectively. Fattening of stores was finished at the period of achievement of body weight by 100-102,5 kg. The slaughter yield of meat products by groups (without intestinal fat) did not essentially differ and varied within 69,9 - 71,1%. There were noted no considerable distinctions in weight of internals (heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, liver). Thickness of the salted pork fat at hybrids with animals of the Belarus meat breed was 1-2 mm lower than in other. The average meat yield of diverting weir was 61,9%, fat weight - 27,9%, bone weight - 10,2%. The organoleptic evaluation of beef-infusion broth quality showed that indicators of habit, aroma and taste and nourishing were at high level and compose 4,67; 4,59; 4,55 and 4,71 points, respectively. Tenderness, juiciness and taste of boiled meat also were at level 4,69; 4,76 and 4,87 points, respectively; fried meat - 4,57; 4,68 and 4,66 points

The necessity of creation of the optimal conditions for production of high-quality dairy products was conditional upon the fact that milk is very unstable by its chemical and physical indicators biological liquid. There is no point in improving milk quality after the realized production. Results of the realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus evaluation of milk according to the sanitary and hygienic indices for the further improvement of its quality were presented. According to the data on milk purchasing it noted that in Belarus there was stated a noticeable reduction of milk quality in accordance with its grade of quality. Throughout the last years the relative density of realization of the premium quality milk was less than 50% (46,5% - in 2005, 48% - in 2006), and at the same time, the volume of sales of the second second-rate quality milk reduced on 7,6%, and volume of off-grade milk - on 0,7%. Milk quality at the studied in course of investigation dairy farms in the majority of cases was conditional upon such indicators as base-titratable acidity, bacterial number and quantity of somatic cells in milk. Titrate acidity indices in over than 36% of milk does not correspond in to standards of the Republic of Belarus. Evaluation of bacterial number in the produced milk showed that its main production volume (65,2%) corresponded to the first and second grades and 6,7% were off-grade quality. Somatic cells content in the studied milk samples in 27% corresponded to the extra fine grade, and only about 2% of the analysed milk samples corresponded to off-grade milk

The growth and development of replacement gilts of different precocity and age depending on the terms of transition from herd-producer to the market area of a complex was studied in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Animal transfer into new housing conditions affected the early maturing and super early maturing breed pigs of experimental groups. It was determined that moving of replacement pigs into the market area of the complex at the age of 115 days made it possible to obtain higher indices of swine productivity. Fertilization rate of sows of the first experimental group after the first insemination made up 77,6%, that was higher on 6,2% and 9,5% in comparison with the control and the second experimental groups, respectively. The advantage of the first and second experimental groups over the control one was stated in a higher multiple fetation on 0,4 heads and heightened heavy litter indices on 0,1 kg; the quantity of weanling was higher on 0,6 and 0,5 heads, on litter weight at weaning was higher on 7,1 and 3,8 kg, respectively

Research of the influence of biologically active preparations of natural origin on zoological indices and quality of animal products was studied by the example of their application in broiler chicken diets in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. On the basis of realized research it was established, that application of biologically active substances immunoamplifier Alveozan, probiotic Dialakt, probiotic Bifidoflorin liquid, prebiotic Biofon and prebiotic Biofon AIL (produced in the Republic of Belarus) did not render negative effect on quality of animal products (all studied meat samples had high quality). The received results testify to necessity of complex application of the above-stated preparations. Application of biologically active preparations made it possible to increase livability of growing birds on 100%, average live weight increase from 1,9 up to 5,1%, daily average weight gain - from 1,9 up to 5,1%, improvement of feed conversion ratio - from 18,3 up to 21%. All studied biologically active preparations made it possible to restore the physiological environment in poultry intestines, normal flora, to suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The above mentioned preparations could be applied both with preventive, and with the medical purposes

There was realized the estimation of influence of application of biometals in a ration of chickens-broilers of different age on the content in their blood macro-and microelements. It is possible to make the conclusion, that in blood of chickens-broilers the tendency to decrease with the years concentration of calcium and magnesium, to increase of level of phosphorus, zinc and copper, and also increase the content of cobalt with 23-day age to 33-day and its insignificant decrease by 45 day of a life of chickens takes place. At the same time application in a ration of chickens-broilers of biometals sodium-ferrum-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na-Fe-etda) from calculation of 2,5 mg/kg, sodium-zinc-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na-Zn-etda) - 5,5 mg/kg, sodium-cobalt- ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na-Co-etda) - 5,5 mg/kg and sodium-cuprum-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na-Cu-etda) - 3,5 mg/kg of body weight in the basic weight led to small increase of level macro- and microelements in blood of chickens-broilers and did not render negative influence on safety and a gain of body weight of chickens in trial group. Data on concentration of macro- and microelements in blood and a body weight gain of chickens-broilers are presented. | Целью работы является оценка влияния применения биометаллов в рационе цыплят-бройлеров разного возраста на содержание в их крови макро- и микроэлементов. Можно сделать заключение, что в крови цыплят-бройлеров имеет место тенденция к снижению с возрастом концентрации кальция и магния, повышению уровня фосфора, цинка и меди, а также увеличению содержание кобальта с 23-дненвного возраста к 33-дневному и незначительному снижению его к 45-му дню жизни цыплят. В то же время применение в рационе цыплят-бройлеров биометаллов натрий-ферум-этилендиаминтетраацетат (Na-Fe-etda) из расчета 2,5 мг/кг, натрий-цинк-этилендиаминтетраацетат (Na-Zn-etda) - 5,5 мг/кг, натрий-кобальт-этилендиаминтетраацетат (Na-Co-etda-) - 5,5 мг/кг и натрий-купрум-этилендиаминтетраацетат (Na-Cu-etda) - 3,5 мг/кг живой массы в основной своей массе приводило к небольшому повышению уровня макро- и микроэлементов в крови цыплят-бройлеров и не оказывало негативного воздействия на сохранность и прирост живой массы цыплят опытной группы. Представлены данные по концентрации макро- и микроэлементов в крови и прирост живой массы цыплят-бройлеров.