Poultry layer houses are mostly open house system that generally faced with flies and odour and has become nuisance factors to society and the environment. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of applying EM in controlling pollutant gas emission at poultry layer house. A commercial poultry layer farmwas selected. Two treatments were carried out, the control without any application of microorganisms and the treated group with commercial microorganism application. Atmospheric ammonia and hydrogen sulphide were measured using a special instrument called ‘multi-gas detector’. The levels of ammonia and hydrogensulphide were measured twice a week. Odour production cannot be completely prevented on a farm. Therefore, most odour control methods are designed to keep or dissipate odours within the farm boundary, thus minimising odour complaints from surrounding neighbours. This paper reports that applying of effective microorganisms into the manure showed some positive influence in controlling atmospheric ammonia levels.

The goal of this research was to determine the impact of garlic oil and leek powder on serum lipid levels and on sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling pathway in a rat model of hyperlipidemia, to offer evidence supporting the use of diet as a means of preventing hyperlipidemia, and to further investigate the possible health advantages of these two H2S-donors. In this study, 80 males Wistar rats were divided into eight groups, for a period of 18 weeks, the rats were orally dosed with garlic oil and leek powder. Obesity indicators, serum lipid levels, some biochemical, molecular parameters and histopathology of liver tissues were determined. Compared to rats in the obese model groups, the garlic oil and leek powder reduced cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-c) levels in the serum (P < 0.05). The garlic oil and leek powder also helped reduce hepatic steatosis and enhance lipid profiles. A reduction was found in the gene expression in the hepatic homogenate of Patched 1 (Ptch1), smoothened (SMO), glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI 1), Sonic hedgehog protein (SHH), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4), and nuclear factor kappa kB (NF-kB). On the other hand, there was a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of hedgehog-interacting protein (Hhip-1), and miRNA 26a which is also a dose- and time-dependent manner. The obtained findings suggested that both garlic oil and leek powder as H2S donor had anti-obesity capabilities that can mitigate the effects of an HFD.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) and leek (Allium porrum L.) on biochemical parameters, lipid profile and gene expression in high fructose diet (HDF)- induced diabetes in rat. In this study, we used 80 males Wistar rats for 18 weeks, HDF was administered daily in diet to induce diabetes. A high and low dose of garlic oil and leek powder were given orally daily to HDF-diabetic rats. Compared to rats in the diabetic groups, the garlic oil and leek powder reduced serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-c) levels. The garlic oil and leek powder also helped reduce hepatic destruction. A reduction was found in the gene expression in the hepatic homogenate of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and X-Box Binding Protein1 (XBP1), Binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). On the other hand, there was a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of has been found in the promoter of glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), and miRNA 27a which is also a dose- and time-dependent manner. These results suggest that H2S donor as garlic oil and leek powder exhibits therapeutic potential for diabetes, which is most likely related to its protective effects against ER stress and regulating miRNA 27a and its target gene.

Quail closed-house system is a house that support quails’ optimumrequirements as far as temperature, relative humidity, ventilation and light are concerned. One of the four units of quail closed-house systems at the Institute of Poultry Technology, Malacca was used in this study. The objective of this project was to evaluate the performance of the quail closed-house system by comparing the condition of the house under current management condition and after the Standard Operating Procedure determined by DVS was adhered. Thehouse performance was evaluated by observing its ability to achieve an optimum temperature range of 20°C to 27°C with a relative humidity between 60% to 80% as perfect surroundings for quails. At the end of the experiments, the results showed a decline in internal temperature at almost 3°C and increasing in a relative humidity of 10% after all the specifications and procedures were followed.