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Trends in the control of theileriosis in sub-Saharan Africa : tick-borne diseases
2009
D. McKeever
The declining efficacy of acaricide treatment as a means of reducing the prevalence of Theileria parva infections in sub-Saharan Africa has intensified efforts to achieve control through immunization of susceptible cattle. The infection and treatment method of immunization has enjoyed a resurgence with the availability of more effective cold chain facilities, although concerns remain regarding the possibility of vaccine strains spreading in local tick populations. In addition, an in-depth understanding of protective mechanisms deployed by immune cattle and the antigens targeted by them has led to substantial progress in the development of candidate subunit vaccines against both sporozoite and schizont stages of the parasite. The likely success of these vaccines, as well as infection and treatment immunization, will ultimately depend on the extent to which they disturb the endemic status of the parasite. These issues are discussed in the light of recent information on the genotypic diversity of T. parva in the field and the extent to which this is compromised by the immune response.
Show more [+] Less [-]Economic impacts of tick-borne diseases in Africa : tick-borne diseases
2009
B.D. Perry
As we join Onderstepoort in celebrating its centenary, it is worth reflecting that tick-borne infections of wildlife and livestock have been part of everyday life in Africa for many, many generations. While much has changed since Watkins-Pitchford started developing short-interval dipping trials with arsenicals to contain the new epidemic of East Coast fever in southern Africa 100 years ago, when it comes to the impacts of tick-borne infections, many of the same challenges remain.
Show more [+] Less [-]African horsesickness : transboundary diseases
2009
B.J. Erasmus
African horsesickness (AHS) played a major role in the history and development of southern Africa, both in times of peace and of war. Frequent epidemics of AHS resulted in major transportation impediments.The viral (filterable) nature of the aetiological agent was proven in 1900 by Sir John M'Fadyean in London, making it one of the first animal diseases for which this had been demonstrated. Similarly, the cultivation of AHS virus in the brain of mice and its subsequent attenuation were also amongst the first such feats for animal viruses. Interestingly, both milestones followed the initial work of Max Theiler (son of Sir Arnold) with yellow fever virus.
Show more [+] Less [-]Influence of direct-fed microbial blend and Ferula elaeochytris on in vitro rumen fermentation pattern and degradability during simulated ruminal acidosis
2022
Sizmaz Ozge | Mickdam Elsayed | Eren Gultepe Eyüp
The use of probiotics and phytobiotics has attracted interest because of their protective effect against acidosis. Ferula elaeochytris (FE) is considered a good source of bioactive compounds, mainly monoterpene α-pinene. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a direct-fed microbial blend (Pro) and FE on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro under normal and acidosis conditions.
Show more [+] Less [-]Molecular detection, risk factors and public awareness of avian bornavirus among captive and non-captive birds in Peninsular Malaysia
2022
Lutpi Syamsiah Mohd | Abu Jalila | Arshad Siti Suri | Rahaman Nor Yasmin
Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is caused by avian bornavirus (ABV) has been identified in psittacine, non-psittacine birds and waterfowl. Birds may show signs of gastrointestinal tract deficit or neurological dysfunction or even both. The objectives of this study were to determine the molecular prevalence, risk factors and public awareness of ABV and PDD among captive and non-captive birds in Peninsular Malaysia.
Show more [+] Less [-]Evaluation of a real-time PCR in combination with a cultivation method for the detection of Brucella abortus in organs of infected cattle in southern Italy
2022
Manzulli Viviana | Rondinone Valeria | Serrecchia Luigina | Petrella Antonio | Scaltrito Domenico | Marino Leonardo | Pace Lorenzo | Luigia Prencipe Maria | Cipolletta Dora | Nitti Mauro | Fasanella Antonio | Poppa Elena | Galante Domenico
Brucellosis is a widespread zoonosis of great economic importance for livestock farming in many areas of the world. It is a highly infectious disease which is diagnosed using conventional serological and microbiological methods. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of a specific real-time PCR in combination with broth cultivation in detecting Brucella spp. in organs of infected cattle, in order to compare the sensitivity of the two approaches and the time needed in them until a correct diagnosis is made.
Show more [+] Less [-]Vaccine-induced rabies in a red fox in Poland
2022
Smreczak Marcin | Orłowska Anna | Müller Thomas | Freuling Conrad M. | Kawiak-Sadurska Magdalena | Trębas Paweł
Rabies as a zoonosis threatens public health worldwide. Several thousand people die each year of infections by the rabies virus (RABV). Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of wildlife was successfully implemented in many European countries and led to rabies being brought under control there. In Poland, ORV was introduced in 1993 using vaccines containing an attenuated strain of the rabies virus. However, attenuated rabies viruses may have residual pathogenicity and cause the disease in target and non-target animals.
Show more [+] Less [-]Potential risk of botulinum neurotoxin -producing clostridia occurrence in canned fish
2022
Jarosz Aleksandra | Grenda Tomasz | Goldsztejn Magdalena | Kozak Beata | Kwiatek Krzysztof
Heat treatment is indispensable in fish canning to provide an acceptable shelf life. Its optimisation reduces the risk of the presence of Clostridium botulinum spores, which could potentially cause botulism cases. This study evaluated canned fish samples for botulism neurotoxin (BoNT)-producing clostridia contamination and can bulging through microbiological contaminant growth. A new analytical approach was developed for detection of such clostridia and phenotypically similar species.
Show more [+] Less [-]Dynamics of the African swine fever spread in Poland
2022
Bocian Łukasz | Frant Maciej | Ziętek-Barszcz Anna | Niemczuk Krzysztof | Szczotka-Bochniarz Anna
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal haemorrhagic disease of Suidae, present in Poland since 2014. The natural reservoir of ASF in Europe is the wild boar (Sus scrofa); however, human activity facilitates long-distance introductions of the disease. In ASF control it is important to identify areas at increased risk of infection. Such identification and estimation of the disease’s progress and subsequent spread will help to identify the specific preventive action needs in given zones. Serving this purpose, this study is a spatial and statistical analysis of ASF spread through noted outbreak data.
Show more [+] Less [-]Histamine content in selected production stages of fish products
2022
Madejska Anna | Pawul-Gruba Marzena | Osek Jacek
Histamine intoxication, known as scombroid fish poisoning, is caused by the consumption of foods with high levels of histamine. This biogenic amine is formed as a result of histidine decarboxylation by bacterial decarboxylases present in food, including fish and fish products. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of histamine at different production stages of canned, marinated and smoked fish.
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