Shiga toxin (stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes various clinical signs in animal and himan. In this study, 255 fecal samples from samples from calves showing diarrhea were collected from cattle farms in Chonnam province during the period from January 2005 to July 2005. Twenty six STEC (10%) were isolated from 255 fecal samples by PCR. The isolates displayed three different stx combinations (stx1[69%], stx1 and stx2 [15%], and stx2 [38%]). The isolates were further studied for virulence associated genes and antimicrobial resistance to define the virulence properties.

This paper describes a naturally occurring case of meningoencephalitis associated with Listeria monocytogenes in a 4 month-old Korean native goat. The goat was raised in a herd consisting of seventy goats, and fed on straw and leftover vegetables including onions, cauliflower, and bean sprouts. The clinical symptoms of the goat were depression, inappetence, anorexia, circling, and recumbency before death. No conspicuous gross lesions were found except consolidation of the lung.

To determine the effects of β-carotene on the control of mastitis in dairy cows during the dry period, 38 dairy cows (18 mastitic cows and 20 healthy cows) were administered with 5ml of β-carotene (30 mg/ml) intramuscularly twice (4 week intervals). Blood samples were taken from the cows before the injection and two weeks after the second injection, respectively, and were measured for the cows before the lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphocyte proliferation responses.

A stochastic simulation model incorporated with Reed-Frost approach was derived for evaluating diagnostic performance of a test used for a screening program of an infectious disease. The Reed-Frost model was used to characterize the within-herd spread of the disease using a hypothetical example. Specifically, simulation model was aimed to estimate the number infected animals in an infected herd, in which imperfect serologic tests are performed on samples taken from herds and to illustrate better interpreting survey results at herd-level when uncertainty inevitably exists.

Objective-To use in vitro assays to evaluate the effects of a novel immunosuppressive agent, FTY720, on biological functions (migration, phagocytosis, and production of reactive-oxygen species ROS) of feline peripheral neutrophils and determine the cytotoxic effects of FTY720 on feline peripheral neutrophils. Sample Population-Peripheral neutrophils obtained from 8 healthy cats. Procedure-Peripheral neutrophils were isolated from blood samples obtained from the 8 cats and exposed to the phosphorylated form of FTY720 (FTY720-P). A fluorescence-based in vitro evaluation of migration was performed. Phagocytosis of microbes and production of ROS were evaluated by use of a 2-color flow cytometry system. Samples of whole blood obtained from the cats were incubated with various concentrations of FTY720-P, fluorescein-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, and dihydroethidium. Cytotoxic effects were evaluated by use of propidium iodide staining. Results-Addition of FTY720-P caused a slight nonsignificant decrease in phagocytosis and production of ROS by feline peripheral neutrophils. Migration activity of feline peripheral neutrophils was significantly increased by the addition of FTY720-P. Addition of FTY720-P at concentrations considered for clinical use did not increase the death rate of feline peripheral neutrophils. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-FTY720 does not inhibit critical functions of feline peripheral neutrophils in vitro.

Objective-To determine gene expression of selected molecular markers (tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha, interleukin IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, procalcitonin PCT, and transforming growth factor TGF-beta) in the blood of healthy and sick foals. Animals-28 sick foals without sepsis, 21 foals with sepsis, and 21 healthy foals. Procedures-Total RNA was extracted from blood samples and converted into complementary DNA (cDNA). Gene expression was measured for the molecular markers by use of real-time PCR assay, and final quantitation was performed with the comparative threshold cycle method. Results-Samples from all foals yielded transcription for all markers. Expression of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta was significantly lower and that of IL-8 significantly greater in the sick-nonseptic and septic groups, compared with the healthy group. No significant difference in expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, and PCT was found between the healthy group and the 2 sick groups. Expression of IL-10 was significantly greater in nonsurvivors, compared with survivors. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The cytokine profile in foals with sepsis may suggest an immunosuppressive state. Expression of IL-10 may be a marker for identification of foals with a guarded prognosis.

The VP2 full gene of Korean infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strain, SH/92, three attenuated vaccine strains, Bur706, Bursine-2 and CEVAC strains, were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequenced and compared with published PV2 gene sequences of IBDVs. The VP2 nucleotide sequence similarity between SH/92 and three vaccine stains was 95.6~96.5% whereas the nucleic acid similarity among three vaccine strains was 97.5~98.5%. The amino acid sequence similarity of VP2 of SH/92 compared with three vaccine strains was between 94.4 and 97.6% while the amino acid similarity among three vaccine strains was between 97.4 and 98.4%.

A 2-years-old female domesticated mouflon with a clinical history of chronic diarrhea and emaciation was submitted to NVRQS. Grossly, there were severe thickening of small intestine wall and enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes. Microscopically, severe granulomatous inflammation was found in small and large intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and liver. By Ziehl-Neelsen stain, innumerable acid-fast rod bacteria were found in the cytoplasm of epitheloid and Langhans type giant cells present in these organs.

This study was performed to assess the growth plate closure time with aging in the Korean native goat. Radiographs of proximal and distal epiphysis of humerus, radius, ulna, femur and tibia were obtained at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, 30, 43 and 52 weeks after birth in 30 Korean native goats. The secondary ossification centers were scrutinized and assessed the maturity process on the basis of the criteria (stage 0 to 10). The secondary ossification centers of proximal and distal epiphysis of humerus, radius, femur and tibia and proximal ulna epiphysis appeared immediately after birth.

The primary goal of the would healing is rapid wound closure. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have greatly expanded our understanding of the biologic processes involved in wound repair and tissue regeneration. This study was conducted to develop a new sponge type of biomaterial to be used for either wound dressing or scaffold for tissue engineering. We designed to make a comparative study of the wound healing effect of silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid (SF/HA) blend sponge in full-thickness dermal injury model of rat.