To investigate the effect of diazepam on fetal development in pregnant rats, this experiment was performed in eighty Sprague-Dawley female rats which were 8 weeks old and grouped into two according to different diazepam treatment period during 5-9 days of gestation and 10-14 days of gestation. Both experimental groups were included by saline treated groups (control) and diazepam-treated groups (6mg, 12mg and 24mg), respectively. Diazepam was injected to pregnant rats subcutaneously, which were wacrified on 20 days of gestation and mean litter size, fetal body weight, fetal crown-rump length (CRL) and pathological findings were examined. 1. Concerning mean litter size, diazepam-treated groups showed lower mean litter size than control in both 5-9 days and 10-14 days of gestation groups(p0.05) without difference according to dosage of diazepam and day of gestation. 2. Concerning fetal body weight, diazepam-treated groups during 5-9 days of gestation showed lower fetal body weight than control and the other treated group during 10-14 days(p0.01) without difference according to dosage of diazepam. Diazepam-treated group during 10-14 days of gestation showed no difference among experimented groups. 3. Concerning fetal crown-rump length (CRL), diazepam-treated groups during 5-9 days of gestation showed shorter CRL than control and the other treated group during 10-14 days of gestation(p0.01) without difference according to dosage of diazepam. 4. Reduction of mean litter size, fetal body weight and CRL was shown from when treated by the dosage of 6mg/kg of diazepam. 5. Maternal mortality according to dosage of the 20mg/kg of diazepam were 30% and 20% in the treated group during 5-9 days and 10-14 days of gestation, respectively. These results indicated that diazepam treatment in pregnant rats caused considerable reduction of mean litter size, fetal body weight and fetal crown-rump length when treated during 5-9 days of gestation.

Renal failure is one of the main causes of economic impacts in the poultry industry and complex syndrome with different severity of clinical signs caused by multiple nephropathogenic factors such as infectious bronchitis viral infection and excess salt and calcium in diet. To evaluate the correlation between severity of renal failure and the causative nephropathogenic factors, one-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were treated with either single causative factor or multiple causative factors described as above. Each group was designed as control for non-treated control, IB for infectious bronchitis virus (IB virus) infection, IBHNa for IB virus infection with high diet salt, IBHCa for IB virus infection with high diet calcium, IBHNC for IB virus infection with high diet salt and calcium, HNa for high diet salt, HCa for high diet calcium and HNC for high diet salt and calcium. Chickens were inoculated with IB virus at 1-day-old and remained on their respective diets until 21 day of age. Plasma Na+, Cl-, BUN, creatinine, calcium and uric acid values were examined. The results obtained were as follows; IB virus and high dietary calcium combined treatment showed elevated plasma uric acid. BUN and creatinine values were not characteristic on chicken renal failure. But plasma uric acid values were increased according to renal lesion. Hypercalcemia and hyperuicemia did not induce urate deposition and mineralization in the kidney.

Detection and distribution of bovine biral diarrhea virus(BVDV) was studied in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from two naturally infected cattle by in situ hybridization with a non-radioactive biotinylated probe. A 600 base pair cDNA probe from BVDV B-25 strain ws used for probe. The whole procedure of ISH to diagnose was carried out within 1~2 hours in MicroprobeTM capillary action system. The biotin-labelled probe was demonstrated after hybridization under standard conditions by the application of streptoavidin and biotinylated alkaline phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase was visualized using a fast red TR/naphthol phosphatase and the sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. We have obtained the result of positive reactions in digestive tract(sm1.all intestine and colon) and epidermis of tongue in the state of the intract tissues. The result suggested that in situ hybridization method can be considered as a useful diagnostic technique for detection of specific nucleic acid sequences of BVDV.

This study was performed to evaluate anesthetic and cardiovascular effects of xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone and medetomidine/midazolam as preanesthetics and their combinations with antagonists in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Eight clinically healthy dogs(4.54+_2.16kg) were used at the interval of more than 14 days between experiments in turn for propionyl promazine(PP 0.3mg/kg, IM), xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone(XFA 2mg/kg, 0.0137mg/kg, 0.11mg/kg, IM), medetomidine/midazolam(MM 0.02mg/kg, 0.3mg/kg, IM), combination of XFA and their antagonists (yohimbine 0.05mg/kg, naloxon 0.0005 mg/kg, IV) and combination of MM and their antagonist(atipamezole 0.08mg/kg IM). The sedation induction times in XFA(2.56+_1.01 min) and MM(5.44+_2.07 min) groups were sighificantly better than that of PP group(10.75+_2.38 min)(p0.05). The thiopental sodium dose required for tracheal intubation in XFA(2.38+_3.38mg/kg) and MM(3.91+_3.47mg/kg)groups were significantly less than that of PP group(12.57+_2.13mg/kg)(p0.05). All time indices expressing the recovery(pedal refles recurrence time, extubation time, arousal time, standing time and walking time) were significantly shorter in the combination groups of XFA or MM with their antagonistis than in PP, XFA and MM groups(p0.05). The suppressions of cardiovascular function of XFA and MM were more than that of PP. Heart rate and cardiac output were recovered by the antagonists of XFA and MM, but mean arterial pressure were not recovered by the antagonists.

Morphometrical analysis of chicken Crytosporidium baileyi in various stages of life cycle in the bursa of Fabricius wer carried out by electron microscope to establish a differential point for identification of C baileyi. By avidin-biotin complex method, protozoans of the bursa of Favricius were identified Cryptosporidium spp. The size and area on each developmental stages of C baileyi, as measured by Morphomat 10 attached to electron microscope were as follews. Trophozoites' size with range of 3.21+_0.70*2.49+_0.59 micro meter, area with range of 118. 82+_41.92 micro meter2; meronts' size with 3.99+_1.07*2.96+_0.52 micro meter, area 210.11+_57.11 micro meter2 ; merozoites' size 1.98+_0.43*0.60+_0.18 micro meter, area 24.10+_5.97 micro meter2; microgametes' size 1.36+_0.83*0.50+_0.23 micro meter, area 20.23+_6.73 micro meter2; macrogametes'size 4.57+_0.65*4.02+_0.55 micro meter, area 258.37+_51.83 micro meter2; oocytes' size 4.39+_0.56*3.44+_0.50 micro meter, area 187.21 +_62.68 micro meter2. In conclusion, the size and area on each developmental stages of Cryptosporidium baileyi is different from that of other Cryptosporidia spp. It suggests, with considering tissue tropism and life cycle, morphometrical analysis can be quite a good way to identify C baileyi.

Digital color doppler ultrasonographic system(DCDUS) has a lot of diagnostic functions. One of these is a detection of low velocity vessels in the organs of abdominal cavity. The purpose of study was to determine the clinical usefulness of DCDUS. Interlobar artery resistive index(RI), pulsatility index(PI) and systolic diastolic ratio(SDr) were measured for diagnosis of obstructed urinary tract. RI, PI and SDr were a measure of intrarenal blood flow impedance. This study was consisted of 2 groups. The normal group was studied in 16 normal adult dogs and the study group was studied 7 dogs with surgically induced, unilateral ureateral obstruction. In the study group, parameters were checked in nirmal condition and on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day after ligation. The result were summarized as follows. In the normal group, RI, PI and SDr of the left kidney was 0.65+_0.04, 1.25+_0.12 and 292.45+_29.40, respectively. RI, PI and SDr of the right kidney were 0.64+_0.05, 1.28+_0.20 and 282.25+_37.26, respectively. In the study group, RI of the left kidney induced ligation was increased sighificantly on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day. RI of the left kidney on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day wee 0.75+_0.05, 0.71+_0.03, 0.74+_0.04, 0.74+_0.02, 0.73+_0.02 and 0.73+_0.04, respectively. PI of the left kidney was increased significantly on 1, 3, 5 and 7th day. PI of the left kidney on 1, 3, 5 and 7th day were 1. 57+_0.21, 1.54+_0.24, 1.60+_0.15 and 1.60+_0.26, respectively. SDr of the left kidney increased significantly on 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7th day. SDr of the left kidney on 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7th day were 412.18+_86.69, 352.14+_47.05, 399.77+_65.54, 369.43+_48.34 and 365.57+_22.46, respectively(p0.05). In the study group, RI of the left kidney was more increased than that of the right kidney on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day. PI of the left kidney was more increased than that of the right kidney on 1, 3, 5, and 7th day. SDr of the left kidney was more increased than that of the right kidney on 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7th day(p0.05). RI was effective in the diagnosis of an acute unilateral ureteral obstruction. PI and SDr were insufficient in the diagnosis of an acute unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Microsatellite allele analysis has been used for individual identification and paternity test. In the present study, the biological father of three puppies was determined by using microsatellite allele amplification analysis. The mother bitch of the litter was a poongsan dog. The three study dogs that could have inseminated the bitch, by being in the same residence, were a white Poosan dog, a mixed breed, and a white Jindo dog. DNA was obtained from all the relevant dogs by buccal swabbing. Four loci of tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite were PCR-amplified, and analyzed by polyacrylamicde gel electrophoresis and silver staining. The results of genotyping unambigously assigned the Poongsan dog as the biological father. There was no evidence of superfecundation. Therefore, the present study demonstrated the usefulness of microsatellite allele analysis as a simple, efficient method of paternity test in dogs.

This study was conducted to evaluate the ELISA kit for measuring the level of cortisol in the urine. The CV of within-run variation and day to day variation were 0.4-2.8 and 1.8-5.7, respectively. the minimum limitation of measurement was 1ng/ml. the cross reaction was high (CR50(%)=11.4-43.2) in prednisolone, 11-deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol and predinosone. There was low and no cross reaction in other steroid. To develop the ELISA kit we measured the cortisol level in diluted urine with PBS (procedure I), extracted urine with methylene chloride (procedure II) and extracted methylene chloride-extracted urine from thin-layer chromatography (procedure III). The CV value of procedure I, II, III was 9.4-28.3%, 7.2-8.9% and 2.5-5.7%, respectively. There was significant difference between procedure I with II, and pro-cedure I with III(p0.01), but no difference between procedure II with III significantly(p0.01). The mean UCCR of urine collected through am 8 to 10 ws 9.5+_7.6(0.14-28.0) in 12-month-old dog(n

Galectin-3 plays an important role in cell development, differentiation and cancer metastasis, including cell-cell/extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and is supposed to have an effect of apoptosis on T-cells in thymic clonal selection. In this study, to know the effect of galectin-3 on thymocyte development, we used recombinant human galectin-3 (rHgal-3) from Escherichia coli, JM105, which was inserted with human gal-3 gene-transformed plasmid vector (prGal-3) to express human galectin-3. Expressed rHgal-3 was confirmed by western blot using the culture supernant of hybridoma (M3/38) producing monoclonal antibody to human galectin-3. Sepharose gel affinity chromatography was used to purify the expressed rHgal-3. Thymocytes and hepatocytes from 6-week-old male BALB/c mice were incubated with rHgal-3 and showed marked increase of apoptotic population on analysis using flow cytometry with 7-AAD in a dosedependent manner. However, rHgal-3 failed to induce apoptosis on hepatocytes. Interestingly, this apoptotic effect was not inhibited by lactose, a specific lectin domain inhibitor. From these results, we concluded that extrinsic galectin-3 induces apoptosis on mouse thymocytes, and galectin-3 may have an apoptotic effect on T-cells in thymic clonal selection.

Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) is a hormone with potent natriuretic, diuretic and relaxing properties on vascular smooth muscle. Specific chemical modulator in response for the ANP secretion has not been found yet. Therefore, we have investigated the role of Ca2+ responsible for the regulation of ANP induced by protein kinase C(PKC) on mechanically stretch-induced ANP secretion in the rat atria. The results obtained were as follows; 1. ANP secretion and ANP concentration were increased to more in Ca2+-free buffer than in the Kreb-Henseleit buffer on mechanically stretch-induced ANP secretion(p0.05), but extracellular fluid translocation(ECF) was not significant. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA, 10-7M) induced ANP secretion and ANP concentration in Ca2+-free buffer shown to more accentuate on mechanically stretch-induced ANP secretion than in the Ca2+-free buffer(p0.05), but ECF translocation was not significant. 2. In the presence of ryanodine(3*10-6M), PMA(10-7M) induced ANP secretion and ANP concentration in the Kreb-Henseleit buffer were shown to more increase on mechanically stretch-induced ANP secretion than in the ryanodine(3*10-6M) with the Kreb-Henseleit buffer(p0.05), but ECF translocation was not significant. 3. In the presence of ryanodine(3*10-6M), PMA(10-7M) induced ANP secretion and ANP concentration in the Ca2+-free buffer was shown to more increase on mechanically stretch-induced ANP secretion than in the ryanodine(3*10-6M) with the Ca2+-free buffer on mechanically induced ANP secretion(p0.05), but ECF translocation was not significant. The results suggest that PKC-induced ANP secretion may not be related to the change of Ca2+ on mechanically induced ANP secretion in the rat atria.