Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides small colony (MmmSC), is one of the most important diseases of cattle in Africa. The role of innate or acquired cell mediated and humoral immunity in conferring protection against MmmSC infection has not yet been elucidated. On the other hand, the pathological lesions caused by the aetiological agent have been considered indicative of an immunopathological process. In this study ten naïve cattle were exposed to in-contact infection with animals infected by intubation with a strain of MmmSC. Clinical signs, antibody response, IFNg release and pathological changes at necropsy were analysed and compared with the events following in-contact infection of an equal number of animals kept under daily treatment with cyclosporine for the entire observation period of 84 days. Cyclosporine is a suppressor of the immune response related to the T-cell system. Under the conditions of the experiment, cyclosporine appeared to condition the pathogenesis of CBPP by delaying the events that follow infection, bringing further support to the possibility that the immune response may have an impact on the disease outcome.

The efficacy of oil extract of the seeds of Loranthus europeus on wound healing was investigated. After the preparation of the oil extract, the oil ointment of L. europeus was prepared. A preliminary biochemical analysis were carried out to find out the chemical contents of L. europeus oil extract. The study involved 18 male rabbits, they were divided equally and randomly into 3 groups depending on post wounding biopsy: p(3'd,7Ih and l4‘hday post wounding). Two full thickness cut wounds were done on the both sides of shoulder regions( the left wound as control and the left as treated wound) of each group of animals. The treated and control wounds were treated continuously with (0.5mg) oil ointment and Vaseline base respectively, for 14”‘ day twice a day. All wounds were evaluate macroscopically which included "measurement of contraction rate, daily wound contraction, hyperemia, exudation and scab formation." and microscopically for "neutrophil, macrophage infiltration, re-epithelization, fibroblast proliferation with collagen production and new blood capillary formation". A Both macroscopic and microscopic results showed the efficacy of L europeus seeds in promoting the healing process significantly as compared with control wounds (P

This study was achieved on 75 cross breed cows ( Jarubi X fresian) , The PH of vagina and its secretion was measured for all cows during the different oesturs phases ( proestrus estrus and l:uring different stages of pregnancy ) PH was measured by using PH paper. Results revealed that aginal PH of cows tends to be alkaline during proestrus; estrus and during luteal phase but in case of pregnancy the vaginal PH becomes acidic on the contrary to that of ewes. Results also indicated that there is no significant effect of neither cows age nor pregnancy frequency on PH Values of cows vagina and its secretion; results also showed that vaginal PH and its secretion had no signification effect on correlation between them. Results cleared that it is possible to diagnose pregnancy by means of PH values during this stages of pregnancy in an accuracy of 100% in pregnant cows confirmed by rectal

The study included the evaluation of tire haematological effects resulting from intramuscular injection of ( 1 mg/kg ) of Li! ocaine (group A) , Diclofenac (group B) and Lidocaine — Diclofenac mixture (group in experimental mice , as a result there was a significant decrease in haemoglobin dpncentration and reached it's lowest value in group C ( 7.04 gm/100ml ) . There was also a significant increase in both total WBCS cpunt and eosinophils number reached it's highest number in group C ( 9.88 X 103/mm’ , ll.2 % ) respectively , while the highest number basophils appeared in group B and reached ( 8 % ) , the same group showed a significant decrease in neutrophils number which reached to ( 17.6 % ) . the a granulocytes ( lymphocytes and monocytes ) showed no changes in number in all groups .

This study was conducted on the genital tract of 214 ewes in Basrah province. The specimens were randomly collected from Basrah slaughter house within the period from ' December 2003 to April 2004. l The study aimed to evaluate and describe the different types of abnormalities affecting the genital tract of ewes both grossly and microscopically. - ‘ ' The gross examination of collected specimens was confirmed by histological examination. Pathological changes were found in 46% of the total cases. Uterine abnormalities comprised (70%) whereas ovarian abnormalities comprised (24%) and oviduct abnormalities were (6%).The commonest pathological conditions of the uterus was endometritislwhich comprised (24.76%) of pathological conditions. followed by endometrial hyperplasiai (2.33%) and pyometra (1:86 %). V I T The commonest abnormalities of the ovary are ovarian cysts (4.2%), followed by Para ovarian cysts (3.27%) and ovarobursal adhesion (2.8%). _ The abnormalities of the oviduct were less common and hydrosalpinx was the - commonest lesion (0.93 %). _ . 2 _ Neither congenital nor neoplastic abnormalities were detected in this study. . ' The study concluded that acquired pathological conditions are the major causes of abnormalities of the genital tract, of which endometritis is the most common. Thus,‘ the low reproductive rate of ewes may be attributed to that fact.

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect ofchitosan sheets on wound healing process and its activity as a wound dressing materials. Accordingly chitosan sheet was isolated and prepared from the exoskeleton of the native shrimps in Basrah Province. Twenty-four male rabbits were used and two full-thickness circular cuts (2cm in diameter) were made on the dorsal aspect of each rabbit. The healing process was evaluated macroscopically by evaluation of the properties of chitosan sheets on wound in terms of (adherence, absorption, and fluid accumulation) on different intervals (i.e.lSt,3’d,7‘h,and 15"‘ post wounding day). On the other hand the contraction rate in tested liand control wounds were evaluated during different intervals (i.e. at lS‘,3' ,7‘ ,and I5“ post wounding day).The healing process was evaluated microscopically in terms of (infiltration of neutrophils and macrophage infiltration, new blood vessels and fibroblast proliferation and Re—epithelialization). . The result of macroscopic evaluation showed that chitosan sheets were firmly adherent to ' . the wound with underlying mild fluid accumulation during the first three post wounding day. At , the same time the sheets started to disappear and completely absorbed at 7' day after wound breation. The result of the effect of the chitosan sheet on wound contraction demonstrated that the bontraction rate of tested wounds was significantly higher than in control wounds through the lperiod of experiment. In the treated group complete wound closure with contraction rate of 100% was reached at 103‘ post wounding day while the control wounds failed to close completely till the ’ lend of experiment at 15‘ day. The results of microscopic evaluation of wound healing process were demonstrated significant increase (p

Lactobacillus salivarus has been studied extensively as a probiotic in human . However the ability of an organism to survive passage through the intestinal tract and exert beneficial effects can not be directly extrapolated between species. This study evaluated the ability of L.salivarus to survive gastrointestinal transit in dogs and assessed whether oral administration of L.salivarus is safe in order to determine whether studies evaluating the efficacy of L.salivarus in the treatment of canine disease are indicated. Dogs were divided into 5 groups receiving doses of 0 (control group n=8),1 109 (group 1, n=8), 1 1010 ( group2 ,n=8) , 5 1010 (group3, n=8) and 5 1011 (group 4,n=8) colony forming unite per day orally for 5 days. L.salivarus was detected in the feces of 3/8 dogs in group 1 and 2, 4/8 dogs in group 3; 8/8 dogs in group 4 and 0/8 dogs in control group. Fecal colonization was significantly greater in group 4 than in any other groups (P> 0.01). Differences between groups 1,2 and 3 were not significant. No adverse effects were noted. Fecal colonization of L.salivarus in dogs is somewhat variable; however clinical studies are indicated to evaluated this organism in the treatment and prevention of canine disease.

Eleven dogs were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups: group one, in which the tonsil glands were ligated and then resected by scalpel; group two, the tonsils resected by electrocautery; group three; the tonsils were excised by electrocautery with help of an laparoscope. The clinical findings, after two days of operation, at the excision sites appeared redness in color and slight swelling. These signs disappeared at 4-6 postoperative days in group one, while in second and third groups, it extend for 5 - 7 days. Healing of surgical sites occurred 10-12 days after operation in the first group, while in second and third groups, healing occurred in 11-14 days, respectively. The modified use of a rigid laparoscopic toll in the third group for tonsillectomy, was found to be easy for application of the method and given good results.

Horne goat of the north mountains of Iraq (Kurdistan