The current study was conducted at the college of veterinary medicine, university of basrah in the periods extended from 22/10/2016 to 22/1/2017. The present study is designed to report the toxic effects of digoxin on kidney histologically and biochemically by measuring kidney parameters urea and creatinine level in the serum. Maximum toxic dose determined by using 2 rats dosed orally until clinical signs of toxicity became prominent at 30mg for each rat and considered as MTD. The chronic toxicity study was carried out on 48 adult rats divided into 4 groups. Control (G1) receive distilled water, Low dose (G2) dosed with 1/20 MTD(1.5mg/kg) digoxin, Intermediate dose (G3) dosed with 1/10 MTD(3mg/kg) digoxin and High dose (G4) dosed with 1/5 MTD(6mg/kg) digoxin by oral gavage for 90 days. At the end of experiments all animals were sacrificed and blood sample were collected for estimation of biochemical parameters of rat. Result reveals histopathological changes presented as dilation/vaccuolation of renal tubules and atrophy of glomeruli. There is a significant (P≤0.05) increase in serum urea and creatinine level in high dose (G4) group when compared with other study group. We conclude that high dose digoxin has toxic effect on renal tissue and lead to their damage.

The present study aimed to determine the potential toxic effects of Nizoral through oral administration on some of blood and biochemical parameters of laboratory rabbits . Eighteen of local normal rabbits were used in the present study . The animal divided randomly to three group ( six animal in each ) .Group one ( control ) the animal treated normal saline .Group two the animals chronically feed by stomach tube Nizoral 20 mg/kg/BW daily for 30 days. Group three the animals chronically feed by stomach tube Nizoral 40 mg/kg/BW daily for 30 days. The investigation included body weight gains (BW) , some blood parameters like red blood cells count (RBC) hemoglobin concentration(Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and total white blood cell count(WBC) . Biochemical parameters included total serum alan in aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and hormones testosterone concentration ,and semen characteristics .The results showed reduced in BW. R.B.C count ,Hb concentrations PCV value were reduced gradually but not reach a significantly . Total W.B.C count lymphocyte and monocyte appeared a significant decrease(p≤0.05) ,but neutrophils showed a significant increase (p≤0.05).The biochemical study refers to a significant increase (p≤0.05) in ALT,AST and a significant decrease(p≤0.05) in hormones testosterone concentration.The testes and epididymis appeared absences of sperms .

In this study, the histopathological changes due to overdose usage of Tussirum drug(0.75 and 3 ml/Kg)in liver and kidney were assessed in rabbite with light microscopes. Six male rabbites(1 ± 0.5 Kg ) were included and divided into three groups.Normal saline (3ml/Kg) wasgiven orally as placebo in the control groupI (N= 2). Group II and III(N= 4 for each) was received Tussirum orallyat a single dose of (0.75 and 3ml/kg/day) for 30 days respectively. the results were recorded that both doses of Tossirum were induced that blood vessel congestion, aggregation of Kuppfer cells,inflamintion infiltrations and Sinusoidal dilatation in the liver parenchyma in addition to the cytoplasmic vacuolation, degeneration, pyknotic nuclei in the hepatocytes and. On the other hand, renal damage was observed in the kidneys of treated rabbits, necrosis of glomular, degeneration of nucli and degeneration in the lining epithelial cells of renal, also noted that glomular shrinkage, dilated of reanal tubules and hyperplasia of tubles walls,as well as to necrosis of renal tubules endothelium, closing of renal tubules lumen, isulation of renal tubules endothelium and density in some nucli chromatic Finally, the investigators concluded that Tossirum toxicity induced hepatocellular and renal damage

Polysaccharide was extracted from the leaves of (Molokhia) Jew’s-mallow by hotwater extraction using trichloro acetic acid(TCA) to removal of protein from the polysaccharide ,precipitation with ethanol, and obtained a polysaccharide yield from 4.2% based on wet weight source. The biochemical composition of the polysaccharide contains total carbohydrate,sulfateandprotein77.6%, 8.6%, 0.63%, respectively. Phytochemical tests were carried out for polysaccharide. The previous studies indicated the presence of glycoside, phenol and tannin in polysaccharide from Jew’smallow. However, the presence of both alkaloids and saponins was not observed .The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis of the polysaccharides consist of carboxyls and sulfate groups.The anticoagulant activity of polysaccharide was evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays with respect to heparin The results obtained by APTT assay, through the increase in coagulation time, the increase in blood coagulation time with increased polysaccharide concentration, the 100 μg/ml polysaccharide concentration had the longest time of 210Sce and was compatible with the concentration of1000 (IU/ ml) of heparin.However the time of PT did not have any apparent effectiveness in increasing the time of coagulation at all concentration compared with heparin.

The aim of this work was to produce biofloc from the fish breeding system and study of its effect on in vitro ruminal digestibility and gas production in the ruminants. In the first phase of the experiment, two hundred common carp fishes (1gr) in two tanks with capacity 250 liters’ water were used for producing biofloc. In the second stage, the effect of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% of produced biofloc with ration 70 to 30 concentrate to forage on in vitro gas production and digestibility was determined. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design (5 treatments and 4 replicates). The results showed that there was no significant difference in potential and rate of gas production and dry matter digestibility between treatments. The highest amount of truly digested organic matter, cell wall degradability, and NDF digestibility was related to the treatment containing 2% compared with the other treatments (108.4, 67.8, and 32.5, respectively). The10 microbial biomass efficiency, microbial biomass and PF of treatments containing biofloc were more than control treatment (P < 0.05). On the base of this trial, treatments containing biofloc especially the high levels of biofloc had a more positive effect on digestibility and fermentation of experimental diets, therefore biofloc produced from the fish breeding system can be used as a useful supplement in ruminants.

Hydaticystosis is one of the most common diseases in the world, and had azoonotic pattern ,surgical intervention is one of the most important treatment attempt,despite the serious problems the patient experiences during surgery. The current studywere aimed to use camel's milk as an immune improver against this disease inlaboratory mice .Experimental study was conducted in department of biology ,College of Science University of Thi-Qar, during the period from November 2015till April 2016 so four groups of mice(Mus musculus) of Balb /c strain age (6- 8)weeks were used as following .The first group was orally treated with 0.2 ml ofphysiological solution for one week (Negative control ) .The second group was orallytreated with 0.2 ml of physiological solution for a week and then injectedintraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus (3000protoscolex / ml ) ( Positive control ).The third group was orally treated with 0.2 mlof camel's milk for a week and then injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml ofprotoscolices (3000 protoscolex / ml ). The fourth group was orally treated with 0.2ml of camel's milk for two week and then injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml ofprotoscolices (3000 protoscolex / ml).The results of the current study showed that the groups of animals treated withcamel's milk for one week and two weeks had a decrease in the number and weightsof secondary hydatid cysts and the group treated with camel's milk for two weeksshowed a significant decrease in the number and weights of cysts compared to the positive control group. A significant reduction in weights and size ratio of liver andspleen was observed in the group treated with camel's milk for two weeks comparedwith control group .It has been concluded that camel's milk has the ability to reduce the incidence ofsecondary hydatid cysts in infected mice and treated with camel's milk and theincreased duration of treated with camel's milk significantly reduces the incidence ofinfection

In the present study, 135 samples were collected from different animal's including:75 samples were from milk and 60 samples were from cheese, 54 (40%) sample were foundto be harbored with Staphylococcus aureus. The rate of S. aureus isolates was 50% inbuffalo's cheese, 40.54% in buffalo's milk, 36.8% in cow's milk, and 33.33% in cow'scheese. 100% strains were Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus. The antibioticsensitivity test was determined against 8 common antibiotics by the agar disc diffusionmethod on Muller-Hinton agar. These antibiotics were amoxicillin (25mcg), ampicillin(10mcg), Oxacillin (1mcg), chloramphenicol (30mcg), erythromycin (15mcg), gentamycin(10mcg), methicillin (5mcg), and tetracycline (30mcg). S. aureus strains were screened byPCR for 16S rRNA and nuc genes. 49 out of 54 S. aureus isolates were yielded productswith molecular weight approximately (228 bp) corresponding to 16S rRNA gene, 42 out of54 isolates were give products with molecular weight approximately (270bp) correspondingto nuc gene, 22 and 4 out of 30 S. aureus isolates were give products with molecular weightapproximately (310bp and 509bp) corresponding to mecA and femA genes, respectively.

The study aimed detection and identification of the lesions in the uterine cervix ofewes and determination of their percentages in Mosul region. For that purposecervices from 108 non gravid genital systems were collected from slaughtered ewes atMosul slaughter house and private butcheries for a period extended from 1/11/2012 to1/5/2013. all of the samples were grossly and histologically examined. The resultshowed that the most observed lesions in cervices were epithelial hyperplasia,epithelial degeneration and desquamation ,coagulative necrosis, cervicitis and subepithelial hemorrhage at ratios 11.11% , 10.18% , 8.33%,3.70% and 5.55%respectively . It has been concluded that uterine cervix naturally exposed to multiplepathogens induced the noticed lesions

The present study was carried out to investigate the histological lesions andmorphological changes caused by the experimental Shigella flexneri bacteria in both thesmall intestine and the large intestine in albino mice Musmusculus and attempt to treat themusing the Antheum graveolens and antibiotic amikacin. And study the inhibitory activity ofthe extract of the plant in vitro. Shigella flexneri was tested for a variety of antibiotics andshowed that it was sensitive to (Amikacin, ErythromycinTobramycin,Gentamycin,Ceftriaxone,Cefotaxime and Naldixic acid ) and resistant to(Ampicillin, Trimethoprim and Aztreonam) . The inhibitory activity test was performed ofAntheum graveolens extract toward Shigella flexneri and was found to be sensitive andhigh. Both ID-50 and LD-50 LD dose were determinated. In the present study, thelaboratory animals were divided into 36 mice and randomly assigned to 6 groups. Eachgroup consisted of six mice.These groups are control group, ID-50 group,LD-50 group,group that treated with water Antheum graveolens,group that treated with alcoholicAntheum graveolens and antibiotic group . The bacterial infection of the mice was inducedby mouth ,the animals left dosage of the doses pathogenic from bacteria for a four-day andthe appearance of the disease. On the fourth day, The results of the histological examinationof the small and large intestines showed satisfactory changes in the different tissue layers ofthese structures. microscopic examination showed less enhancement in groups thattreatment with alcoholic Antheum graveolens and antibiotic compared with groups thatadministrated water Antheum graveolens

The study was performed to find out the effect of chlorine and disinfection byproducts(DBPs) of chlorinated water in some hygienic and Physiological traits of malerabbits, this experiment was accomplished in animal research farm / Veterinary MedicineCollege, Baghdad University from 20th November 2017 up to 20th January 2018.Twentyeightmale rabbits were used at age of 3 month and randomly distributed equally in fourgroups(seven male) per group, body weight was considered as the following: Firstgroup(chlorine free water) as a control group, second group (tap water), thirdgroup(chlorine 3ppm), fourth group(chlorine 5ppm).All groups were daily fed onconcentrated diet(pellet 75gm/ head), Alfalfa and specific water for each group wereoffered freely. Blood samples were collected and serum samples were obtained at biweeklyintervals to measurement the hemoglobin concentration(Hb), Packed Cell Volume(PCV),malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione, total protein, transaminase enzyme(AST,ALT),alkaline phosphate, bilirubin to detect hygienic and Physiological traits. Data werestatistically analyzed, the results of this study revealed the significant (P<0.05) andnonsignificant differences in some hygienic and Physiological traits among groups ofdifferent periods. Accordingly, it could be concluded from this study the effect of chlorineand it's disinfection by-products(DBPs) of chlorinated water lead to many changes in somehygienic and Physiological traits in male rabbits compare with tap water , so that waterquality had direct effect on hygienic and productive performance of the animals.