Histopathological indices have been largely used as biomarkers in the monitoring of fish health status during exposure to heavy metals, both inthe experimental and environmental studies. The aims of the present study was to provide baseline data on the prevalence of histopathologicalliver lesions in marine fishes (case study of liver histopathology at mercury exposure) under experimental mercury exposure and to comparethe sampling areas in terms of the types and prevalence of lesions present, for monitoring purposes. Experimental study was at seawaterre-circulatory tanks. Mercury concentrations were determined using a standard cold vapor atomic absorption. Histopathological analyses weredone in tissue processor and the slides were stained with haematoxylin and counter stained with eosin. There were many liver lesions in botharea include enlarged and lateral nuclei, nuclear degeneration and vacuolation; oncotic, apoptic, focal, massive, centrilobular and periportalnecrosis; atrophy, lipidosis, hydropic and cloudy swelling, oval cell proliferation; bile stagnation, dilation of sinusoid, intracellular edemaand dark granules. In conclusion the present investigation indicated that mercury is a toxic substance in seabream and the sub-lethal mercuryconcentrations tested may cause several changes in the histological indices of the studied fish and we can use these changes as biomarkers ofmercury detection.

A single male specimen of the burrowing goby, Trypauchen vagina (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), was caught at a depth of 30 m from the Arsuz coast, Turkey by a trammel net on 17 October 2017. Total length (TL) of the specimen measured as 206 mm. Measurements of the specimen were given and the geographical distribution of the species in the Mediterranean was documented. Although this is the third record of T. vaginafrom the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, the paper is the first report of an adult male specimen of T. vagina from southern coast of Turkey and confirms the extension of the species towards southeastern Mediterranean in the region. The finding of T. vagina in Arsuz coast suggests the habitat expansion of the species. As a result of this study a gap is filled relating to the geographic distribution of this species in the easternMediterranean coast of Turkey.

In this study, it was aimed to explain the rehabilitation of streams, rivers and fish and the data obtained from the world and our country, as wellas on-site observations and photographs taken as a result of comparative analysis and conclusions and recommendations have been made. DSİ,Ministry of Forestry and Water Works, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, Ministry of Environment and Forestryare in charge of stream improvement works in our country. It has seen that the river improvement work started with good intentions but thewrong projects made negatively affect the natural habitats, aquatic plant and animal communities, especially fish. They have lost their originalform and functions to make for humanity fever. It was determined that the projects were planned in such a way that the negative effects of thedelirium were reduced and the nature and wildlife were ignored so as to prevent the loss of soil. Consequently, changes could lead to loss thatwould not be recycled if it does not take due precautions.

Experiments were designed to clarify the effect of different extenders on sperm motility of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss after shorttermcold storage at 4°C for 6 days. Sperm collection was performed through gentle abdominal massage. Sperm was suspended in differentextenders at 1:3 dilution ratio. The motility and survival of sperm cells were assessed in all the treatments daily. Our results indicated that spermremained as motile in glucose and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) based extender at day 6. This study would be beneficial for cryopreservationand reproduction management.

Herbicides are being used widely in agriculture and aquaculture for controlling noxious weeds. Paraquat and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) have been the most widely used herbicide during the past three decades. Toxicological properties of Paraquat are attributed to its abilityto produce reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion that may directly or indirectly cause cell death. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) is a broad-leaf, systemic, phenoxy herbicide used as the active ingredient in several commercially available aquatic herbicide products.Bioassay technique has been the cornerstone of programs on environmental health and chemical safety. The application of environmentaltoxicology studies on non-mammalian vertebrates is rapidly expanding. So the present study investigated the acute toxicity of Paraquat and2,4- Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) as aquatic ecosystems pollutants on Artemia franciscana. Artemia is one of the most suitable testorganisms available for ecotoxicity testing and research and most commonly used live food in aquaculture. Acute toxicity (48 h LC50) of twoherbicides (Paraquat, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) was determined. A. franciscana exposed to Serial concentrations of both mentionedherbicides. Mortalities at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after exposure were recorded and LC50 were calculated using Probit software. The resultsobtained indicate that the acute toxicity of these herbicides is significantly different in adult A. franciscana. The lethal concentration of Paraquatand 2,4-D were calculated 2.701, 14.475 mg/L in A. fransiscana respectively. So The LC50 of two examined herbicides was significantly differentand the mortality rate was increased by increasing exposure time. Finally, these data support the hypothesis the possible risks associatedwith the presence of herbicides particularly Paraquat residues in the aquatic animals and their environment.

Yapılan çalışma Perikarditis Travmatika (PT) olan sığırların rutin klinik muayeneleri esnasında alınan venöz kan gazlarınınincelenmesi sonucu oluşturuldu. Bu çalışmanın amacı kan gazı analizinin Perikarditis Travmatikalı sığırlarda önemini ortayakoymaktır. Çalışmada Perikarditis Travmatika tanısı koyulan 22 adet 2-4 yaş aralığında olan sığır kullanıldı. Kan gaz analizleriiçin V. Jugularisten 2,5 ml kan alınarak 15 dk. içinde kan gazı cihazında analiz edildi. Yirmi sığırın kan pH'sı normal (7.35-7.50)sınırlarında iken, bir hayvanda hafif asidemi (7.20-7.35), 1 hayvanda ise metabolik alkaloz ( > 7.50) tespit edildi. Kan pCO2değeri bir hayvan ( > 50 mmHg) haricinde normal referans (30-40 mmHg) alarığında olduğu görüldü. Kan pO2 değeri 11 hayvanda< 30 mmHg seviyesininnin altında olduğu tespit edildi. Laktat seviyesi 8 hayvanda normal sınırlarda (< 2 mmol/L) iken,5 hayvanda klinik uyarı (2-4 mmol/L) seviyesinde, 9 hayvanda kritik seviyenin (>4 mmol/L) üzerinde olduğu görüldü. Potasyumseviyesinin 17 hayvanda normal sınırların (<3.8 mmol/L) altındaydı. HCO3 değeri 7 hayvanda normal (20-30 mEq/L)sınırların üzerinde, 2 hayvanın ise normal sınırların altında olduğu ve bu iki hayvanda hiperlaktatemi olduğu görüldü. Yükseklaktat laktat ile düşük SatO2 ve pO2 parametreleri PT'li sığırlarda doku hipoksisi şekillendiğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarakkan gazı ölçümünün hastanın tedavi seçenekleri ve prognostik takip için kullanılmasının anlamlı olabileceği kanısına varıldı.

Bu çalışmada, yüksek düzeyde konsantre yemle beslenen Kıvırcık kuzularda yeme maya (Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Levabon Rumen E; Biomin,Avusturya) veya malik asit (Rumalato®; Norel & Nature S.A., Barselona, İspanya; disodyum malat ve kalsiyum malat içermektedir(0,16:0,84, w/w)) ilavesinin performans üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada 3 aylık yaşta 45 baş Kıvırcık ırkı erkek kuzukullanılmıştır. Hayvanlar ağırlıkları göz önünde bulundurularak, gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak bir fark olmayacak şekilde biri kontrol,diğer ikisi deneme olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Kontrol grubunun konsantre yemlerine hiçbir katkı maddesi eklenmemiş, deneme gruplarındanbirine 1,5 g/kg KM düzeyinde canlı maya kültürü, diğerine ise 5,0 g/kg KM malik asit tuzu ilave edilmiştir. Hayvanlar 60 gün süreile besiye alınmıştır. Bu süre boyunca hayvanların sürekli olarak temiz içme suyuna erişimleri olmasına dikkat edilmiş ve ad libitum olarak(%80: %20) konsantre yem:kuru ot karması ile beslenmişlerdir. Besi süresince kuzuların canlı ağırlıkları denemenin 0, 15, 30, 45 ve 60. günlerindesabah aç karnına yapılan tartımlarla saptanmış, verilen yemler her gün, artan yemler ise haftalık olarak tartılmıştır. Deneme sonundaher gruptan 7 baş kuzu kesilerek sıcak ve soğuk karkas ağırlıkları ile karkas randımanları saptanmıştır. Yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanmaoranları grup beslemesi yapıldığı için istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmemiştir. Canlı ağırlık ve günlük canlı ağırlık artışlarında gruplar arasındaönemli bir fark gözlenmemiştir (p > 0,05). Sıcak ve soğuk karkas ağırlıkları ve karkas randımanları gruplar arasında istatiksel açıdan anlamlıfark göstermemiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada kuzularda yeme maya veya malik asit ilavesi performans üzerine istatistiksel olarak önemlibir etki göstermemiştir.

Experiments were designed to evaluate bacterial flora in semen culture of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Herein, semen samples werecollected from fish and standard microbiology techniques were processed for bacterial flora. The samples were serially diluted in physiologicalsaline (NaCl: 0.85%). Aliquots of 0.1 ml of each dilution were spread-plated onto Plate Count Agar (PCA) (Total Bacteria Count), Rose BengalAgar (RBC) (Yeast-Mold Count), VRBD (Enterobacteriaceae count) and Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) (Micrococcus/Staphylococcus count).Micrococcus/Staphylococcus group bacteria (11.11%) were counted from brook trout (S. fontinalis) semen. Total bacteria count varied between103-105 cfu ml-1 in semen.

Herbicides are being used widely in agriculture and aquaculture for controlling noxious weeds. Paraquat and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) have been the most widely used herbicide during the past three decades. Toxicological properties of Paraquat are attributed to its abilityto produce reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion that may directly or indirectly cause cell death. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) is a broad-leaf, systemic, phenoxy herbicide used as the active ingredient in several commercially available aquatic herbicide products.Bioassay technique has been the cornerstone of programs on environmental health and chemical safety. The application of environmentaltoxicology studies on non-mammalian vertebrates is rapidly expanding. So the present study investigated the acute toxicity of Paraquat and2,4- Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) as aquatic ecosystems pollutants on Artemia franciscana. Artemia is one of the most suitable testorganisms available for ecotoxicity testing and research and most commonly used live food in aquaculture. Acute toxicity (48 h LC50) of twoherbicides (Paraquat, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) was determined. A. franciscana exposed to Serial concentrations of both mentionedherbicides. Mortalities at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after exposure were recorded and LC50 were calculated using Probit software. The resultsobtained indicate that the acute toxicity of these herbicides is significantly different in adult A. franciscana. The lethal concentration of Paraquatand 2,4-D were calculated 2.701, 14.475 mg/L in A. fransiscana respectively. So The LC50 of two examined herbicides was significantly differentand the mortality rate was increased by increasing exposure time. Finally, these data support the hypothesis the possible risks associatedwith the presence of herbicides particularly Paraquat residues in the aquatic animals and their environment.

This study aimed at determining the current knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of layer and pig farmers to antimicrobial usage and its consequences. Description of such KAP could provide insights useful for promoting the rational use of antimicrobials in livestock. From May 2014 to February 2016, a survey involving 251 respondents in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and Chonburi provinces, Thailand, was conducted by using a validated questionnaire. More than half (51.0%) of the respondents incorrectly believed that antimicrobial drug efficacy could not be reduced by using sub-recommended dosages, 61.2% had misconceptions about non-therapeutic antimicrobial use, and 66.9% inaccurately felt that antimicrobials were also effective for virus and fungi. Over half (50.6 - 55.2%) did not see the need to follow instructions or advice of veterinarians. Moreover, only 10.4% regularly relied on responses to drugs sensitivity tests when evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobials. Overall, assessment of KAP regarding antimicrobial usage indicated that the majority of respondents had low levels of knowledge of antimicrobials, neutral rather than positive attitudes, and employed poor practices in the use of antimicrobials. The results indicate improvements in KAP could be helpful in developing more effective interventions by farmers, reduce antibiotic usage, and slow the growth of antimicrobial resistance.