Investigations of the proteolytic Gram Negative Psychrotrophs(GNP) bacteria was the basal objective of this study. A conventional diagnostic PCR technique based on three pairs of primers including SerAgeneto amplify an 950 bp fragment of Acinetobacter sppDNA,serAgene for/A. hydrophila ( 650bp): and aprgene for/S. marcescens (500bps) was done.In the present study the 29 bacterial isolates obtained from 100 cows raw milk samples were collected randomly from healthy cows with different age and breed present in different farms of Thi-Qar province, previously refrigerated for 72 hr. These isolates subjected to cultural-based enrichment and PCR- based identification .The present results revealed that the raw milk GNP contamination overall ratio was 29% . Acinetobacter spp were the most predominant bacteria (16%) among the studied GNP contaminants, while A.hydrophila appeared in a ratio of 7% and S. marcescens showed the lower ratio ( 6%). ,the results of the studied genes product of GNP bacteria was considered to be highly statistically significant (P>0.001).The distribution of studied GNP according to age ,parturition number and breed of studied animals was investigated. The effect of these factors on the PCR-based identification results was considered to be not statistically significant(P>0.05) however, the higher overall ratio(29.1%) for cow raw milk contamination was observed in raw milk of cows between

Water extract of castor bean was prepared and injected in mice in order to study the effect of acute phase of toxicity (in different doses) on living tissue, for these reasons, 24 male white mice were divided equally into 4 groups. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups were injected with the aqueous extraction of the castor seeds subcutaneously with 20, 30 and 60 mg/Kg of body weight, respectively, while the 4th group used as control group. After 24 hrs. the internal organs showed degenerative changes and proteintious material in the spleen and kidney, also these organs in addition to liver and stomach showed inflammatory reaction in their parenchyma. The lesions in the examined internal organs were mild in a dose of 20 mg/Kg B.W. and more sever lesions seen in a dose of 60 mg/kg of body weight.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Taurine as hypocholesterolemic agentand compare with the results of simvastatin drug on male rats. The experiment consisted of 36adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighting range 170 -200 gm divided into six groups (six foreach), the control group were fed on standard ration for four weeks while cholesterol group fedon standard ration and (10gm/kg/ration) cholesterol. The third group treated by taurine(0.7mg/day/rat) in drinking water while fourth group treated by simvastatin (0.05 mg/day/rat) indrinking water during animal fed on cholesterol in standard ration for 4 weeks. The fifth and sixgroup animals fed standard ration and cholesterol for 4 weeks and then treated with taurine andsimvastatin (0.7 mg and 0.05 mg /day/rat) in drinking water for 4 weeks respectively.At the end of study, the rats were sacrificed and blood serum was collected .The evaluation oftotal cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL- cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol and triglyceride weredone and also AST and ALT were measured.The results revealed there were a significant decreasing in the lipid profile parameters (TC, TG,LDL-C and VLDL-C) and noted there were a significant increasing in HDL-C parameter oftaurine treated group and simvastatin treated group when compared with control and highcholesterol groups. Taurine showed better effect on hepatic enzyme activities and lipid profileparameters when compared with simvastatin treated groups.

The goal of this research was to isolate, identify and characterize Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and some other foodborne pathogens from randomly public distributedrestaurants in Basrah city, Iraq. Of the 134 bacterial isolates from restaurants samples, 36 wereconfirmed as S. aureus and out of 141 isolates, 72 were confirmed as E. coli using differentselective and enrichment bacteriological media. Data results of other microorganisms have beenexcluded from this study. However, result from this work indicates that preventive anddisinfectant plans should be considered to ensure contamination free restaurants for the betterhealth of all consumers.

The experiment was conducted in the fish laboratory of Animal Production Department, Facultyof agricultural sciences, University of Sulaimaniya in Kurdistan region of Iraq for the period from25/07/2015 to 15/10/2015. Starting with a period of the acclimatization for 21 days, to test theefficiency of using commercial dry yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as alternative protein source toanimal protein concentrate (APC) used in the manufacturing of diets for common carp Cyprinuscarpio L. by using 90 fish of common carp C. carpioat weights ranged 22-42 gm. Divided into 15groups distributed at randomly on 15 plastic ponds by five treatments with three replicates pertreatmentthetreatments contain different levels from APC and yeast S.cerevisiae as below: Firsttreatment (Control T1) 100% APC/ 0.00% yeast S. cerevisiae,second treatment (T2) 75% APC/25% yeast S. cerevisiae, third treatment (T3) 50% APC/ 50% yeast S. cerevisiae, forth treatment(T4) 25% APC/ 75% yeast S. cerevisiae, fifth treatment (T4) 0.00% APC/ 100% yeast S.cerevisiae. T5 was significantly differences (P≤0.05) in counts red blood cells RBC as comparedwith other treatments, T4 was significantly differences (P≤0.05) Packed Cell Volume (PCV) ascompared to the other treatments ,also treatments T3, T2 and T4 significantly increase (P≤0.05) inmean concentration of hemoglobin (MCHC) as compared to the other treatments,T2 wassignificantly increase (P≤0.05) in white blood cells counts WBC and granulocytes percentage ascompared to the other treatments ,also treatments T2 and T3 significantly increase (P≤0.05) inmonocytes percentage as compared to other treatments.The results of blood serum showed that T2 significant improvement (P≤0.05) inthe level of Cholesterol concentration as compared to the othertreatments, significant improvement (P≤0.05) in the level of Triglyceride concentration for T2 ascompared with T1 and T5, T3 was significantly improvement (P≤0.05) in High-density lipoproteins(HDL) as compared to the other treatments, significantly improvement (P≤0.05) in low-densitylipoproteins concentration LDL for othertreatments as compared with T1.

Total of (104) urine samples were collected from patients suffering from urinarytract infection with different age groups from five hospitals in Baghdad (Ibn-Albalady, Al Yarmouk, Medical city, Baghdad hospital and Al-Kandy) from theperiod of the beginning of September 2015 to the end of December 2015.All sampleswere examined by traditional methods based on cultural characteristics, biochemicaltest and API 20 strep. The results revealed 50 isolates to Enterococcus and this wasconfirmed by polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) based on amplification ofspecies specific genes. PCR were performed for E.faecalis and E.faecium in order toconfirm the presence of EfaA genes which code for Enterococcus faecalisendocarditis antigen using specific primer for gene.The results showed thatEnterococcus contain a proportion of 100% of EfaA.Biofilm production was detectedin E.faecalis and E.faecium by using two methods: Congo red agar method andmicrotiter plate method.Our results show that22(44%) of Enterococcus isolates werestrong biofilm production,25(50%)as moderate and 3(6%) as week biofilm productionby use Congo red method.In microtiter plate method, our results show that 20(40%) ofbacterial isolates were detected as strong, 26(52%) as moderate and 4(8%) as weekbiofilm production. This study aims todiagnosis of E.faecalis and E.faecium fromurinary tract infection of patients by traditional and molecular methods, detection ofEfaA gene and its role in biofilm production.

The present study which include the demonstration of estrogen and progesteronereceptors and demonstration of CD34 protein in placenta of pregnant sheep. Twentyone placenta from pregnant sheep were used in the present study. Theimmunohistochemical study of CD34 protein as marker for vascularization appear atday (27) few distribution in stroma of villi While at day (50) of gestation high densityof CD34 protein in And also showed at day (120) high density. The estrogen receptorshowed colour by kit at day (27) normal distribution in trophoblast cell of villusepithelium and not present in binucleate cell While at day (50) high density ofestrogen receptor was showed ,And also at day (120) show high density of estrogen.The immunohistochemical study of progesterone receptor as appear at day (27)normal distribution in trophoblast cell of placentome and not present in binucleate cellWhile at day (50) high density, and also at day (120) .

The efficacy of the in vitro cultivation of promastigotes of threeLeishmania spp. weretested inmodified the biphasic Novy-MacNealNicolle (NNN) medium prepared using blood from different mammals ( human bloodgroup O , horse, donkey, goat and sheep).This study was carried out to determine which modification of NNN media will begave the best yield in the shortest time fordifferent parasite species, in order to obtaina large crop of promastigotes for experimental work and for antigen preparation.Promastigotes of the three main parasite species ,Leishmaniadonovani,Leishmaniatropica and Leishmania major, isolated from patient in Bagdad andcultuerd, at equal numbers, in the 5 different NNN preparations. At the end of the 7thday, the NNN medium using horse blood produced the greatest number ofpromastigotes for all Leishmania spp. tested, 27 ,15 ,33x106 whilst goat blood providthe poorest medium, providing culture results only for L. donovani,7x106.Humanblood group O give good results, 9.2 ,5,4X106.Donkey blood 6.5,2 ,1 X106.ThenSheep blood gave 4.5, 2.5 X106 ,This finding may be explained by the fact thatLeishmaniais a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) auxotrophand horseerythrocytes support NAD-dependent microorganisms

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Iraq and it is become epidemic inNassirriyah city recently . the current study has reported high rate of infection amongpopulation at any age and gender , location or occupation . males have recorded highinfection compared with female and also there is some differences among age of patientswith Baghdad boil .The following histopathological study were achieved in cancer research unit for collegeof Medicine at University of Thiqar, targeting Nassiriyah city in south of Iraq whereBaghdad boil is highly distributed during the period of during the period from August 2015to April 2016. several of tissue (skin) biopsies were obtained by dermatologist understerilizing condition and at Al-Hussain teaching hospital where the patients have enteredfor treatment . the result explain the following changing :(1) Granuloma like associated with several layers of vaculated cells filled with parasitearound it(2) Dermal areas of chronic granulomatous inflammation mainly formed by vaculatedmacrophages filled with parasite .(3) Epidermis with keratinization and vaculated prickle cells undered it vaculatedmacrophages with parasite.521(4) Small granuloma and area of granulamatous inflammatory reaction mostly formedby vaculated macrophages with parasites , few lymphocytes present between themacrophages.(5) Nest like of vaculated macrophages associated with dermal infiltration oflymphocytes .

Canine tapeworm Taenia hydatigena larval stage is also called Cysticercustenuicollis (C. tenuicollis). This cystic stage was reported in domestic and wildruminants worldwide. It is one of the common parasites of small ruminants inIraq. The omenta, the mesenteries, and liver are the usual locations of C.tenuicollis. This article tends to describe a case report of the uncommon locationsof the T. hydatigenacysticerci in pregnant goat. In this case, large (7 cm length X5 cm width) C. tenuicollis cyst was found on the body surface of the 4 monthspregnant uterus of local goat as well as inside the fetal allantoic cavity (chorionallantoicmembrane). The cyst-like channels with a mass of fibrin anderythrocytes were the most characteristic histopathological lesion THAT observedon the uterine wall. However, slight degeneration changes seen on the fetus andthe C. tenuicollis vesicle located adjacent to the placentomes. In conclusion, thisstudy approved the deviant situation of C. tenuicollis cyst on fetus membranesand over the pregnant uterus surface. These locations explain the probability oflarval migrations into the fetal body during pregnancy.