Although sheep shearing is considered an important and a widely used process to cut offthe sheep’s wool, false wool shearing can cause serious problems by giving a chance to growbacteria. This study is aims to identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the inflamedwounds after false wool shearing process and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Laurusnobilus extract against this bacteria. The results of bacterial growth showed that P. aeruginosaproduced characteristic colonies on nutrient agar with pigment pyocin and β- hemolysis on bloodagar and grew on MacConkey agar but did not ferment lactose sugar. In addition, the isolateswere positive for biofilm formation using polystyrene 96 well plate. Among 6 antibiotic agents,the highest resistance was found with novobiocin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline,respectively. Laurus nobilis extract had an antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa. Theresults of this study revealed that hot and cold alcoholic extracts of Laurus nobilis with MICs6.5 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml and 50mg/ml, respectively, were more effective than hot water extract.

The present study aims to compare gross anatomical, histological andhistochemical structures of the larynx, trachea and syrinx between mature(Drake) andimmature (Duckling) male duck(Anas platyrinchous ) . Twelve healthy local malesducks were divided into two groups. Six Drake at one year old and six Duckling atthree months .For anatomical study the larynx, trachea and syrinx were measured byusing vernia . For histological study specimens from larynx, trachea and syrinx werefixed in 10% formaldehyde after that the specimens embedded in paraffin. The next steptissues were sectioned using microtome and stained with routine stain and special stains.The anatomical results revealed that larynx, syrinx and trachea are identical in positionin both Drake and Duckling , but differ in size . The histological results revealed thatlarynx of both Drake and Duckling lined by keratinized pseudostratified squamousepithelial tissue that appears thicker in Drake than Duckling . Trachea of Drake andDuckling lined with ciliated pseudostratifed columnar epithelial with mucous glands ,supported by ossified cartilages in Drake and hyaline cartilage in Duckling . Syrinx ofboth Drake and Duckling lining by the ciliated pseudostratifed columnar epithelial withfew goblet cells. Beneath it the lamina properia and sub mucosa that contained in looseconnective tissue with blood vessels and amount of elastic and collagen fibers beneathit in Drake spongy bone trabeculae that contains bone lacuna fills with osteocytes ,while in Duckling hyaline cartilage . The hyaline cartilage consists of lacuna whichcontains chondrocytes.

The study aimed to determine the effects of higher levels of methioninesupplementation than the recommended NRC level in the diets on the weight andhistomorphology of the bursa of Fabricius as indicators for the immune status of broilerchickens. A total of 60, one-day-old, broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups (Control, T1,T2, and T3 groups) and accommodated in separate pens at the College of AgriculturalEngineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani. The chicks were fed on a starter diet for thefirst 11, a grower diet on days 12-25 and a finisher diet on days 26-42. The methioninesupplement MethioGrow was added daily to the drinking water of the treatment groups T1, T2, and T3 by the levels 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 ml per liter respectively for 42 days, whereas thoseof the control group were provided with additives-free drinking water. On day 42, the chickswere euthanized and the bursa of Fabricius was excised, weighed by a sensitive balance and5μm thick tissue sections were obtained, stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin stains andexamined by a light microscope to examine the histological findings. The weights’ mean ofthe bursa of Fabricius on day 42 was significantly higher in groups T2 and T3 than in thecontrol group and the microscopic examination of the bursa of Fabricius revealed slightincrease in numbers of lymphocytes in the medullary region of the lymphoid follicles inchicks of the treatment groups 1 and 2 (T1 and T2) and slight increase in lymphocytes inboth the cortical and medullary regions of the lymphoid follicles in chicks of the treatmentgroup 3 (T3) in comparison with chicks of the control group. In conclusion, the obtainedresults revealed that supplementation of higher levels of methionine in the broiler diet thanthe level recommended by the NRC has positive effects on the immune status of the broilersand they support the suggestions of previous reports that referred to the insufficiency ofmethionine requirements of broiler based on recommendations of NRC to meet the realrequirements of the commercial poultry farms.

The present study is conduct to evaluated the deleterious effects ofadministration of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) on the some oxidative stress and lipidprofile parameters of laboratory male rats (Rattus rattus), we used eighteen adult malerats randomly divided into three equal groups ( six in each). Group 1 (control) theanimals treated by given oral normal saline (0.2 ml), group 2 was treated by oraldimethylnitrosamine 30 mg/kg/day, group 3 the animals were treated by oral Nacetylcysteine 300 mg/kg/day followed by dimethylnitrosamine 30 mg/kg/day. At theend of experimental period, rats were sacrificed. Blood was collected by cardiacpuncture to investigate lipid profile and oxidative parameters including serum MDA,glutathione, catalase, and SOD. Results showed a significant reduction in SOD,Catalase, glutathione, and HDL, and a significant increase in MDA, LDL, totalcholesterol, triglyceride, after DMN treatment, while these changes were returned tonearly normal level when they combined NAC with DMN treatment for the 30 daystreatment when compared with the control group.

This study was carried out in animal house of Collage of VeterinaryMedicine/ University of Basrah. An attempt has been done to induce diabetic bystreptozotocin in male rabbits and investigation of the diabetes was induced oxidativestress and retina degeneration. Moreover, the purpose of this study was to isolate andevaluate the ameliorating effect of flavonoid extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves andglimephan in the prophylaxes or delay the development of diabetic retinadegeneration and scavenging free radical induced oxidative stress and diabetic retinadegeneration in male rabbits.The study was done on (32) adult male rabbits, theirweight ranged between (2000-2500g) and aged between 7-8 months. The malerabbits were divided randomly into four groups, each group consists of eight rabbitsas the following:Group1:- Male rabbits at (Negative controls(-ve)) administrated normal saline1mlorally for 30 days.Group2:- Male rabbits at(Positive control(+ve)) were given streptozotocin(65mg/kg B.W. dissolve in sodium citrate I.V.) for two days and remain for 30 days Group3:- Male rabbits were given streptozotocin( 65mg/kg B.W. dissolve insodium citrate I.V.) for two days, then treated with flavonoid extract of Ginkgo bilobaleave (500mg/kg B.W. orally administration) for 30days.Group4:- Male rabbits were given streptozotocin (65mg/kg B.W. dissolve insodium citrate I.V.) for two days, then treated with glimphan drug (0.1mg/kg orallyadministration) for 30 days.At the end of the experimental period, the blood samples were collected from heartby cardiac puncture for isolated serum and analysis biochemical parameters such asglucose, insulin, malonaldehyd (MDA),Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathioneperoxidase (GPx) concentrations and lipid profile. The results revealed a significant(P≤0.05) decrease of body weight, body weight gain and HDL concentrations inserum diabetic rabbits control(+ve) compared with control(-ve) while the resultsshowed a significant (P≤0.05) increase the glucose, insulin cholesterolLDL,VLDL,MDA and GPx concentrations in serum diabetic male rabbitscontrol(+ve) compared with control(-ve). The results obtained a significant decrease(P≤0.05) in body weight, body weight gain, SOD and HDL concentrations in serumdiabetic male rabbits control(+ve). While male rabbits treated with flavonoid extractof Ginkgo biloba the results observed a significant (P≤0.05) increase in body weightand body weight gain compared with control(+ve). Whereas the results wererevealed a significant(P≤0.05)decrease of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, LDL,VLDL.MDA and GPx concentration rabbits treated with flavonoid extract of Ginkgo bilobaleave compared with control(+ve) and glimephan also in addition, this extractimproved the retina degeneration.Histological examination observed manypathological changes in pancreas and retina in diabetic group but in treated withflavonoid extract of Ginkgo biloba, the histological changes were near to the normalstatus. It is concluded that good anti-diabetic activity, hypoglycemia effect andregeneration of retina. Based on these results, we suggested the possible utilization ofGinkgo biloba as a therapy to prevent diabetic complication and improved the retinadegeneration compared with another treated such as glimephan drugs.

Chediack-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is inherited autosomal recessive disorderaffected cattle and other species of animals and caused by LYST gene mutation, andcharacterized by oculocutaneous albinism, variations of total and differentialleukocyte count , different severe infections, dysfunction of platelets and a bleedingtendency.The study included 65 Iraqi water buffaloes of different ages and of bothsexes which was divided as 25 black buffaloes served as controls, 25 buffaloes withpatches or spotted animals and 15 white water buffaloes. The most important clinicalsigned showed by the animals are, white, irregular coat, unpigmented skin, hairs,eyes, with loss of appetite, emaciation, weakness, long hair than normal with tufts,anemia, photophobia with oculocutaneous depigmentation, and dullness. Animals ofboth sexes are affected specially those under one year of age. The results indicated asignificant increases (p<0.05) of body temperatures, pulse and respiratory rate ofdiseased buffalo than in controls, However a significant decrease (P<0.05) has beenregistered in erythrocytes (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume(PCV) and main corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), with no statisticaldifferences was detected in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), whereas the meancorpuscular volume (MCV) was significantly increase (P<0.05). The results were also show lymphocytosis, eosinophelia and basophelia with Nutropenia andthrombocytopenia with prolonged bleeding time.Conclusion: It has been to ourknowledge that the current study is the first one in this area and the syndrome affectedthe Iraqi buffaloes and caused a clear clinical and hematological signs.

This study was conducted to clarify the anatomical features of nasal cavity and larynx in Common Moorhen (Gallinula Chloropus)Birds. Five healthy birds were employed for anatomical study. The head of the birds were section sagittaly and transversely in a rostro-caudal succession, the nasal cavity was formed rostrally by the nostrils which were two holes, slit-like in shape located laterally at the upper part of the beak, the nasal cavity possess two conchae (rostal and middle),the rostral nasal conchae located opposite to the nostrils The larynx of birds showed as a triangular shaped - mound in the caudal part of the oropharyngeal cavity. It formed by the single (cricoids and procricoid) cartilages and paired arytenoid cartilages.

This study aimed to detect Staphylococcus aureus in local fresh whole chicken andfrozen imported chicken using conventional and PCR assay by targeting specific S. aureusthermonuclease gene (nuc). A total of 200 whole chicken carcasses were examined andsamples include 100 of local chickens from the Duhok chicken abattoir and 100 of importedchicken from supermarkets in Duhok city. The samples were cultured on mannitol salt agarand the confirmation is done by colony morphology, Gram stain, biochemical test includingcatalase test and coagulase test. The results showed that 28 (28%) of 100 local chicken and80 (80%) of 100 imported frozen chicken carcasses were found to be positive with S. aureususing conventional methods. Amplification of nuc gene specific for S. aureus is used toconfirm the isolates of S. aureus. The results showed that only 18 of 22 coagulase positiveisolates from local chicken and 57 of 68 coagulase positive isolates from imported chickenwere confirmed as S. aureus. The results indicate that PCR assay seem to be more specific fordetection of S. aureus in food sample and appear to be more reliable than conventionalmethods for assessing bacteriological safety of food. These results showed high prevalence ofS. aureus in imported chicken than in local chicken meat and thus may happen as a result ofprocessing and storage conditions.

Prostate cancer is a complex disease in which both genetic and environmental influencesled to the development and growth of tumors. at the recent time, is considered the second mostcommon malignancy after lung cancer in men and the sixth leading cause of cancer – relateddeath worldwide.Sixty-seven blood samples of prostate cancer patients collected from Basrahoncology and Hematology center aging between (45-90). On the other hand, seventy bloodsamples of men without cancer were collected as control group aging between (45-90). Two mlof peripheral blood were drawn by sterilized syringe from the two groups than kept in the EDTAtube for DNA extraction for molecular study (not included). Both study groups have answeredquestions about personal information such as age, address, cigarette smoking, occupation, andfamily history.The present study found evidence that the aging was a significant risk factor fordeveloping prostate cancer, as well as family history increased the risk of disease abouteighteenfold (OR=18.8).Type of work people do related to the development of prostate cancer,free business increase the risk about eightfold (OR=8.18), and military increase the risk for fold(OR=4.09) while men deal with chemical material increase the risk about threefold (OR=2.5).In our study, the place of living was divided into three regions (South, North, and the center ofBasra) the risk of disease increases about threefold for both South and North of Basra comparewith the Centre of Basra. Cigarette smoking also increases the risk of twofold compare with nonsmokers

Mastitis caused by Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter cloacae has been investigatedand diagnosed. Milk samples carried-out from fifteen local buffalo breeds reared in Basrah, Iraq.Ten clinically healthy local buffalo breeds were considered and controls. Diseased buffalo showsigns of pain, swelling, redness of the udder, watery consistency with the light red color of themilk, with high systemic reactions including significant increase (p<0.05) in body temperature,respiratory and heart rate. Furthermore, a significant (p<0.05) reduction of ruminal contractionsalso resulted. Hematological changes of diseased buffalo and the controls, reveals Leucocytosisdue to a significant increase of Nurtrophiles. All diseased animals are clinically examined andthe results reveals that Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter cloacae are the common causes ofmastitis which confirmed by VITEK 2 System. The gram stain from the milk smears show aclear Gram-negative rods, Moreover, swarm forming and pale colony character was alsoindicated of the swab culture of the causative Proteus mirabilis. It has been concluded that acutebuffalo mastitis could be of adverse effect, Nevertheless, the knowledge of the causative agentsof mastitis are very useful for the fast treatment of the disease.