This article presents the fourth detection of macroscopic cystic lesions due to sarcocystosis in domestic pigs during routine meat inspection worldwide, and the first molecular detection of Sarcocystis miescheriana in a domestic pig in Poland. Pigs can become intermediate hosts for S. miescheriana by accidental ingestion of oocysts or sporocysts present in food or water contaminated by the faeces of canids (definitive hosts).

As a result of many traumatic factors such as traffic accidents, falls from height, gunshot wounds and animal fights with each other, orthopedic and soft tissue damage, especially fractures, occur in the musculoskeletal system. Among the fractures within these lesions, the incidence of hind limb long bone fractures is higher than other bones. While the incidence of femur fractures among other fractures in cats is 20-26%, tibia fractures constitute a significant proportion of approximately 20% of other fractures. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the distribution, etiology, treatment, and treatment results of fractures in cats with hind limb bone fractures (n=92). In addition to the use of intramedullary nails and plates, external fixators are also used for the treatment of hind limb bone fractures. Despite the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, most of the time no problems are observed during the application of these techniques and in the postoperative period. A functional recovery was observed in all cats at postoperative follow-up. As a result, it can be said that the method to be used in hind limb bone fractures in cats varies according to the surgeon's preference, experience, and existing orthopedic material inventory. However, anatomical locking plates have the advantages of not using postoperative bandages and allowing the limb to be used early.

Cadmium (Cd), a prevalent heavy metal pollutant, is known for its harmful effects on physiological functions within the biological system. In this study, the effects of Cd exposure on some kidney related biochemical and histopathological parameters in rabbits were investigated, alongside exploring the potential protective role of methanolic extract from Phoenix dactylifera (MEPD) on the kidney. The study included 45 male rabbits, aged 24-28 weeks and weighing approximately 1.41-1.43 kg were assigned into five (5) treatment groups (control, Cd-only, Cd + 300 mg MEPD, Cd + 600 mg MEPD and Cd + 900 mg MEPD) in a completely randomized design. The rabbits received a 7-day dose of 3 mg CdCl2/kg feed, followed by MEPD every 72 hours for 28 days. Results revealed higher significant (P<0.05) differences in serum glucose, urea and creatinine in Cd-only treated group when compared with the control group. MEPD treatment significantly (P<0.05) lowered serum glucose levels in Cd-exposed rabbits, indicating a potential glycemic modulating activity, but had no significant (P>0.05) effect on urea and creatinine concentrations. High density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol ratios were not significantly different but showed marginal improvement in the Cd+MEPD groups compared to the Cd-only group. The findings also revealed significant differences in both absolute and relative kidney weights between the group treated with Cd alone and the control group, indicating potential renal injury induced by Cd. Histopathological examination revealed kidney damage in Cd-exposed rabbits, with observed changes such as disruption of Bowman’s capsule, glomerular shrinkage, degeneration of renal tubules and haemorrhage. The administration of MEPD did not ameliorate the observed histopathological alterations. In conclusion, this study suggests that Cd exposure may induce hyperglycemia and kidney injury in rabbits. MEPD treatment demonstrated some protective effects against Cd-induced hyperglycemia but did not significantly mitigate kidney damage.

To assess the effect of administration of medetomidine alone or in combination with tramadol on tear secretion (TS) in cats as well as their reversal with atipamezole. For the purpose of the study, a total of 46 cats, representing different breeds and genders, were selected and divided into two groups using a random assignment method. Group M was administered medetomidine at a dose of 80 µg/kg intramuscularly. Group MT was given a combination of medetomidine and tramadol at doses of 80 µg/kg and 2 mg/kg intramuscularly, respectively. Tear secretion was measured using Schirmer tear test I before sedation and at 15 (T15) - 60 (T60) minutes post-sedation with 15 min intervals. At 30 minutes, all cats were given atipamezole (200 µg/kg IM). TS statistically decreased until T30 measurement in both groups (P < 0.05). The TS decreased more in MT group compared to M group at T30 measurements (P < 0.05). TS increased in both groups post-atipamezole but didn't return to initial (T0) levels by study end (T60). Premedication with tear protectors or artificial tears is advised when using MT and M group agents in cats, and atipamezole can reverse their effects post-procedure.

In the present study, it was aimed to apply minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in the treatment of diaphyseal tibia fractures in cats and to evaluate recovery and complications postoperatively. Minimally invasive fracture repair preserves the blood supply of fragments and periosteal tissues which help to result faster healing, less morbidity, and rapid recovery of limb function. The study was conducted on 12 cats with diaphyseal tibia fracture. After closed reduction of the fractures of the cats included in the study, two small incisions were made from the proximal and distal tibia to expose the bone tissue. Plate placement was performed percutaneously through these insicion areas. The plate was fixed with two screws from the proximal and distal incision line and the fixation of the fracture line was ensured. Soft bandage was applied for 5 days postoperatively and animals caged to restrict movements for 3 weeks. X-rays were taken at regular intervals postoperatively and fracture healing was evaluated. In the controls, it was seen that the animals started to use their legs after the bandage was removed. There were no complications related to the very small operation wound and bone tissue. Healing times were determined as 35 days on average. As a result, it was determined that earlier healing was performed and less complication rate compared to open operational techniques.

House rats (Rattus rattus) and cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) are important reservoirs of zoonotic bacterial diseases. Understanding these animals' gut bacteria composition is crucial for monitoring and preventing infections. This study aimed to determine the hindgut bacteria composition and diversity of the two hosts sampled from Kilosa and Morogoro districts, in Tanzania. A cross-sectional study design was employed, A total of 114 house rats and 57 cockroaches were caught. The hind guts of trapped host species were dissected and pooled to obtain four pools (two pools represent the hindgut of R. rattus and P. americana from Morogoro municipal and two pools for the hindgut of R. rattus and P. americana from Kilosa district). Genomic DNA was extracted from the pooled samples which was then used in metagenomics sequencing. The observed Shannon and Chao 1 indices indicated higher bacterial species diversity in rats of the Kilosa district and cockroaches of Morogoro municipal. The microbiome diversity in Morogoro municipal was higher for cockroaches than for rats, but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In Kilosa district, the microbiome diversity was higher for rats than for cockroaches, but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05) Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla in the hindgut samples of both animals. However, abundances differed among the host species and areas sampled. Proteobacteria were the most abundant phylum from Rattus rattus from Kilosa district, P. americana and R. rattus from Morogoro municipal, comprising 48%, 41%, and 40%, respectively. Bacteroidetes were plentiful from P. americana from Kilosa district (48%). Bacterial diversity was observed to be higher for R. rattus from Kilosa district and P. americana from Morogoro municipal. Potential pathogenic bacteria were also observed; the highest relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria was observed from P. americana of Kilosa, followed by R. rattus from the Morogoro district. Therefore, this study highlights the composition of hindgut bacteria carried by P. americana and R. rattus, which gives an insight into the different bacteria carried, including the pathogenic ones. This study suggests surveillance of these pests to minimise outbreaks and transmission of zoonotic diseases. Since this study did not focus on factors influencing microbiome composition and diversity, further studies are recommended to be conducted to see the influence of those factors on the gut microbiome.

Electrospinning is a widely used process in various industries to create polymeric fibers with unique properties. In the context of wound healing, electrospun nanofibers can mimic the extracellular matrix structure, promote tissue regeneration, and enhance the wound healing process. Propolis, a natural substance with various biological properties, has shown potential in promoting healthy skin and wound healing. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects. The study was conducted on male Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into three group. The nanopropolis group received nanopropolis applied once daily, while the ethanol extracted propolis group received applied once daily. The control group did not receive any application after the wound was formed. The researchers evaluated the wound sizes throughout the study period. Macroscopically, a gradual healing was observed in all three groups. On the 11th day, the wounds in the nanopropolis and propolis groups healed completely, while the wounds in the control group healed on the 14th day. When the wound sizes were analyzed, the nanopropolis group showed a significant decrease in wound size compared to the control group. Histopathological analysis was performed on the wound samples collected at the end of the study. Microscopically, it was observed that the epidermis layer was more regular in the propolis and nanopropolis groups compared to the control group. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that propolis-incorporated nanofibers produced by electrospinning (nanopropolis) have a positive effect on wound healing compared to propolis alone and the control group. The nanopropolis group showed a significant reduction in wound size and improved histopathological parameters. These findings highlight the potential of nanopropolis in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration.

Today, cats and dogs are common pets among domestic animals. These animals are exposed to many diseases or poisonings in their lives. In cases of poisoning, plants have an important role. In this respect, it should not be forgotten that plants at home or outside can cause poisoning in animals. In this review, some plants that can pose a potential danger to cats and dogs, their properties, and the treatment options that can be made with clinical signs in case of poisoning are mentioned.

Livestock industry has an indispensable position in providing a source of protein for humans. It is vital for the future of humanity to produce healthy animal products for the needs of the increasing world population and to offer them for consumption day by day. However, so as to meet the request of animal products rapidly, industrialization has been increased by developing mass production methods, these changes in the sector have worried by some consumers and reservations have even increased with disinformation. Depending on this possible food safety and public health concern, people have become conscious of nutrition with natural products in progress of time and new searches have been embarked. On the other hand, due to the prohibition of the inclusion of antibiotics as feed additives in animal nutrition diets, alternative feed additives to antibiotics have been researched in order to increase performance and eliminate diseases. The fact that the quality and health of products such as meat, milk, eggs obtained from livestock are directly related to nutrition provides a better understanding of the value of feed and feed additives. Indeed, it is seen that the popularity of honey bee product bee bread, which has been known to be used as a curative product since ancient times, has increased in recent years in treatment with bee products called apitherapy. Concordantly, the use of bee bread as an alternative feed additive in animal health and nutrition has become increasingly common in recent years. In this review, it is aimed to give information about the possibility of using bee bread (perga), which has been shown by scientific studies to be natural and rich ingredient, as an alternative feed additive in poultry nutrition.

Various zoonotic microorganisms cause reproductive problems such as abortions and stillbirths, leading to economic losses on farms, particularly within livestock. In South Africa, bovine brucellosis is endemic in cattle, and from 2013–2018, outbreaks of Brucella melitensis occurred in sable. Coxiella burnetii, the agent responsible for the zoonotic disease known as Q-fever and/or coxiellosis, also causes reproductive problems and infects multiple domestic animal species worldwide, including humans. However, little is known of this disease in wildlife. With the expansion of the wildlife industry in South Africa, diseases like brucellosis and coxiellosis can significantly impact herd breeding success because of challenges in identifying, managing and treating diseases in wildlife populations. This study investigated samples obtained from aborted sable and roan antelope, initially suspected to be brucellosis, from game farms in South Africa using serology tests and ruminant VetMAX™ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) abortion kit. The presence of C. burnetii was confirmed with PCR in a sable abortion case, while samples from both sable and roan were seropositive for C. burnetii indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). This study represents the initial report of C. burnetii infection in sable and roan antelope in South Africa. Epidemiological investigations are crucial to assess the risk of C. burnetii in sable and roan populations, as well as wildlife and livestock in general, across South Africa. This is important in intensive farming practices, particularly as Q-fever, being a zoonotic disease, poses a particular threat to the health of veterinarians and farm workers as well as domestic animals. Contribution: A report of clinical C. burnetii infection in the wildlife industry contributes towards the limited knowledge of this zoonotic disease in South Africa.