Purpose. To investigate features of commercial head quality formation in varieties of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) for different growing methods. To study the influence of growing methods for cutting lettuce plants on the weight of commercial heads, indices of yield and quality of freshly harvested products.Methods. Field study, laboratory testing and statistical evaluation.Results. The results of studying peculiarities of head formation in such cutting lettuce varieties as ‘Godar’ (control), ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Olzhych’ and ‘Dyvohrai’ were shown. Based on the results of phenological observations, the duration of interstage periods of growth and development of cutting lettuce plants was determined for the different growing methods. The model of cutting lettuce of capitata variety for different growing methods was presented in terms of biochemical parameters (content of dry matter, vitamin C, nitrates, amount of sugars). The influence of growing methods for cutting lettuce plants on the commercial head weight, indices of yield and quality of freshly harvested products was studied. Obtained results confirmed that in early ripening varie­ti­es the heads were smaller (150 g) and not dense, in late ripening varieties they were large and dense, weight was 150–500 g. Freshly harvested commercial products of head lettuce in case of seedling cultivation was characterized by a slight increase in dry matter content by 0.15–0.29%. The corresponding pattern was observed for the total sugar content. Its amount was slightly higher: 1.3–1.9% in case of direct sowing and 1.6–1.9% – for seedlings cultivation. The content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, mg/100 g) was the highest in the ‘Dyvohrai’ variety despite of the method of growing. The largest quantity of nitrates in lettuce heads was in the inner stem (480 mg/kg), while in the middle of the head it was reduced to 110 mg/kg.Conclusions. Freshly harvested heads of cutting lettuce were analyzed for the content of such basic biochemical indices as dry matter, vitamin C, protein, nitrates, amount of sugars. Biochemical characteristics of freshly harvested products of heading lettuce in case of direct sowing and non-seedling methods of growing were within the error being almost identical with minor deviations. According to the study results, a typical model of capitate lettuce variety was designed which will have practical application in qualification examination of plant varieties.

Purpose. To study the features of the productivity formation of broccoli hybrids depending on the methods of application of “5 element” nanofertilizer in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. With the introduction of “5 element” nanofertilizer, the head diameter of the ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid increased from 16.6 (var. 2) to 18.3 cm (var. 8), while in the control this indicator was 15.9 cm. The biggest head diameter in the hybrid ‘Orantes F1’ 18.9 and 18.7 cm was noted with foliar feeding with “5 element” nanofertilizer in the phase of 4–6 leaves + beginning of head formation + 10–12 days after the beginning of head formation and in the phase of the beginning of head formation + 10–12 days after the beginning of head formation. Accordingly, in the aforementioned variants, the head mass was 901 and 863 g, which is higher than the control (without treatment) by 166 and 128 g, or 22.3 and 17.4%.The highest yield of the ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid was obtained in 8 and 7 variants of the experiment – 33.5 and 31.9 t/ha, respectively, the yield increase was 5.2 and 3.6 t/ha, or 18.4 and 12.7%. In the hybrid ‘Orantes F1’ the highest yield (37.1 t/ha) was recorded when applying the “5 element” nanofertilizer in the 8th variant of the experiment, which is 6.6 t/ha higher than the control, or 21.6%. Compared to the ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid, the yield in this variant of the ‘Orantes F1’ hybrid was 3.6 t/ha, or 9.7%. The diameter and weight of the head, as well as the yield of the hybrid ‘Orantes F1’ were larger compared to the hybrid ‘Batavia F1’, due to its biological characteristics. A strong correlation (r = 0.97 and 0.96) was revealed between the yield and the diameter of the broccoli head in the ‘Batavia F1’ and ‘Orantes F1’ hybrids. The quality indicators of broccoli (dry matter, sum of sugars and vitamin C) in the ‘Orantes F1’ hybrid were higher compared to the ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid. A tendency towards a decrease in the concentration of nitrates in the heads of broccoli with an increase in the number of treatments with nanofertilizer “5 element” was revealed. The concentration of nitrates in the ‘Orantes F1’ hybrid was lower in all variants of the experiment in comparison with the ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid. The concentration of nitrates in the heads of broccoli in all variants of the experiment did not exceed TLV (400 mg/kg wet weight). Conclusions. With an increase in the number of foliar treatments with “5 element” nanofertilizer, the yield increased and the quality of broccoli hybrids improved. It was revealed that the yield of the ‘Orantes F1’ hybrid in all variants of the experiment was higher in comparison with the ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid. When applying nanofertilizer “5 element” in three stages – foliar feeding in the phase of 4–6 leaves + beginning of head formation + 10–12 days after the beginning of head formation – we got the highest yield of broccoli in the hybrid ‘Orantes F1’ – 37.1 t/ha, an increase over the control variant (without fertilizers) was 6.6 t/ha, or 21.6%. The ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid had a yield of 33.5 t/ha, an increase over the control variant – 5.2 t/ha, or 18.4%.

In the article there are surveyed approaches to the use of biological - ecological potential of white head cabbage plants, given parameters of varieties adaptability and economically-valuable signs variability, depending on a temperature factor, water supply. The yield prognosis is worked out.

Purpose. Providing a scientific rationale for the practical application of analysis of variance elements to determine the range of morphological and value for cultivation and use (VCU) characteristics of Romaine lettuce ‘Skarb’ variety. Results. The Romaine lettuce ‘Skarb’ variety was identified by the type of display of quantitative (QN) identification characteristics. VCU characteristics of the var. longifolia L. varieties were determined and statistically processed. The author focused on practical application of histogram and variation curve of phenotype morphological characteristics when performing the uniformity test. The correlation between quantitative characteristics of lettuce leaf and head was observed when plant productivity was developing. Romaine lettuce yield value was verified statistically. Thresholds were established for the indices under study, confidence intervals were defined over the years of study. Conclusions. The use of Lewis stability factor (S.F. = Xmax/Xmin) allowed to establish the stability of each characteristic display. Practical application of the histogram and variation curve for determining code of display of quantitative morphological characters and the range of VCU characteristics of the Romaine lettuce ‘Skarb’ variety was scientifically grounded.

State of national recourses of Sown Lettuce is considered, as well as way of their formation. Methodological aspects of biological potential utilization of Sawn Salad (leaf, head, Rome, stem) are displayed to widen their assortment. Dependence of marginal potentially possible yield of the Sown Lettuce varieties on influence of the environmental causes has been established.

Цель. Раскрыть особенности определения критериев отличимости, однородности и стабильности новых сортов салата ромэн путем идентификации фенотипа Lactuca sativa var. longifolia L. соответственно с международными требованиями и установить морфологическую кодовую формулу официального описания, по которому проведено государственную регистрацию сорта. Методы. Полевой, метод идентификации – морфологическое описание качественных (QL), количественных (QN) и псевдокачественных (PQ) признаков, лабораторный, статистический. Экспериментальные исследования проводили в течение 2015–2017 гг. Полевые опыты закладывали в овощном севообороте Акимовской сортоиспытательной станции Запорожской области в условиях капельного орошения в соответствии с Методикой исследовательского дела в овощеводстве и бахчеводстве и Методикой проведения экспертизы сортов салата посевного Lactuca sativa L. на отличимость, однородность и стабильность. Результаты. В статье представлены результаты полевых и лабораторных исследований по идентификации сор­тов салата ромэн Lactuca sativa var. longifolia L. Сорта этой разновидности формируют продуктивный орган головку с удлиненными твердыми листьями и четко выраженной центральной жилкой, преобладающая форма в поперечном сечении эллиптическая, высота головки преимущественно более 1,5 ее диаметра. Ведь вегетативные и генеративные органы растений сортов салата ромэн и были предметом морфологического описания идентификационных признаков с последующим установлением кода проявления. Обоснованно комплексную оценку новых сортов салата ромэн по морфобиологическим и хозяйственно-ценным характеристикам. Для группировки сортов использовали признаки, которые не варьируют или очень слабо варьируют в пределах сорта: окраска семян, антоциановая окраска листьев, время начала образования цветоносных побегов, устойчивость против ложной мучнистой росы (Bremia lactucae): Изолят – Bl:16. Эти приз­наки используются отдельно или в комбинациях с другими. Выводы. Установлено, что новые сорта салата ромэн по проявлению своих морфологических характеристик отличались одним и более идентификационным признаком от общеизвестных сортов ‘Совський’ и ‘Скарб’, которые представляли на период исследований коллекцию общеизвестных сортов разновидности var. longifolia L. Новые сорта салата ромэн ‘Айвона’, ‘Баціо’, ‘Вікторінус’, ‘Галатея’, ‘Квінтус’, ‘Клаудіус’, ‘Корбана’, ‘Максимус’, ‘Овіред’, ‘Октавіус’, ‘Рафаель’ были однородными и стабильными, о чем свидетельствуют морфологические кодовые формулы, которые составили официальное описание сорта, по которому проведена государственная регистрация сорта и он включен в Реестр сортов растений Украины. | Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of determining the criteria of distinctness, uniformity and stability of new varieties of romaine lettuce by identifying the phenotype of Lactuca sativa var. longifolia L. in accordance with international requirements and establish the morphological code formula of the official description, according to which the state registration of the variety was carried out. Methods. Field identification method – morphological description of qualitative (QL), quantitative (QN) and pseudo-qualitative (PQ) characters, laboratory, statistical. Experimental stu­dies were performed during 2015–2017. Field experiments were conducted in the vegetable crop rotation of the Yakimovska variety research station in the Zaporizhzha region under drip irrigation conditions in accordance with the Research Methodology in Vegetable Growing and Melon Growing and the Lactuca sativa L. seed lettuce varieties for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Results. The article presents the results of field and laboratory studies on the identification of varieties of romaine lettuce Lactuca sativa var. longifolia L. The varieties of this type form a productive organ head with elongated solid leaves and a distinct central vein, the predominant form in cross section is elliptical, the head height is predominantly more than 1.5 times its diameter. Insofar as the vegetative and generative organs of romen lettuce plants varieties were the subject of morphological description of identification signs with the subsequent establishment of a manifestation code. A comprehensive assessment of new varieties of romain lettuce according to morphobiological and economically valuable characteristics is substantiated. For the grouping of varie­ties, characteristics that do not vary or slightly vary within the variety were used: seed color, anthocyanin leaf color, the start time for the formation of flowering shoots, resistance to downy mildew (Bremia lactucae): Isolate – Bl:16. These signs are used alone or in combination with others. Conclusions. It was revealed that new varieties of romaine lettuce differed in their morphological characteristics by one or more identifying signs from the well-known varieties ‘Sovskyi’ and ‘Skarb’, which for the period of research represented a collection of varieties of var. longifolia L. New varieties of romaine lettuce ‘Aivona, ‘Batsio, ‘Viktorinus’, ‘Halateia’, ‘Kvintus’, ‘Klaudius’, ‘Korbana’, ‘Maksymus’, ‘Ovired’, ‘Oktavius’, ‘Rafael’ were uniform and stable, as evidenced by the morphological code formulas that made up the official description of the variety, according to which the state regi­stration of the variety was carried out and it was included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. | Мета. Розкрити особливості визначення критеріїв відмінності, однорідності та стабільності нових сортів салату ромен шляхом ідентифікації фенотипу Lactucasativavar.longifoliaL. відповідно до міжнародних вимог, встановити морфологічні кодові формули офіційних описів, за якими було проведено державну реєстрацію сортів та/або прав на них. Методи. Польовий, метод ідентифікації – морфологічний опис якісних (QL), кількісних (QN) та псевдоякісних (PQ) ознак, лабораторний, статистичний. Експериментальні дослідження проводили впродовж 2015–2017 рр. Польові досліди закладали в овочевій сівозміні Якимівської сортодослідної станції Запорізької області за умов краплинного зрошення відповідно до Методики дослідної справи в овочівництві та баштанництві та Методики проведення експертизи сортів салату посівного LactucasativaL. на відмінність, однорідність і стабільність. Результати. У статті представлено результати польових та лабораторних досліджень з ідентифікації сортів салату ромен Lactucasativavar. longifoliaL. Сорти цієї різновидності формують продуктивний орган головку з видовженими твердими листками та чітко вираженою центральною жилкою, переважаюча форма в поперечному перерізі еліптична, висота головки переважно понад 1,5 її діаметра. Адже вегетативні та генеративні органи рослин сортів салату ромен і були предметом морфологічного опису ідентифікаційних ознак з подальшим встановленням коду прояву. Обґрунтовано комплексну оцінку нових сортів салату ромен за морфобіологічними та господарсько-цінними характеристиками. Для групування сортів використовували ознаки, які не варіюють або дуже слабко варіюють у межах сор­ту: забарвлення насінин, антоціанове забарвлення листків, час початку утворення квітконосних пагонів, стійкість проти несправжньої борошнистої роси (Bremia lactucae): Ізолят – Bl:16. Ці ознаки використовуються окремо або в комбінаціях з іншими. Проведено кластеризацію сортів салату відповідно до рекоментованих документом UPOV TG/13/11 характеристик для групування сортів салату ромен. Здійснено інтерпретацію результатів кластеризації. Висновки. Встановлено, що нові сорти салату ромен за проявом своїх морфологічних характеристик відрізнялися за однією і більше ідентифікаційними ознаками від загальновідомих сортів ‘Совський’ та ‘Скарб’, які представляли на період досліджень колекцію загальновідомих сортів різновидності var. longifolia L. Нові сорти салату ромен ‘Айвона’, ‘Баціо’, ‘Вікторінус’, ‘Галатея’, ‘Квінтус’, ‘Клаудіус’, ‘Корбана’, ‘Максимус’, ‘Овіред’, ‘Октавіус’, ‘Рафаель’ були однорідними та стабільними, про що свідчать морфологічні кодові формули, які склали офіційний опис сорту, за яким було проведено державну реєстрацію сорту і включено його до Реєстру сортів рослин України. Використання ієрархічного кластерного аналізу допомогло виявити, що сорти-кандидати відрізнялися однією і більше ідентифікаційними ознаками від загальновідомих та референсних сортів різновидності var. longifolia L.

Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive agrobiological assessment of broccoli hybrids Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. сymosa Duch. in terms of the key agronomic traits under the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The object of the study was the following foreign broccoli hybrids: ‘Lucky F1’ (reference), ‘Batavia F1’, ‘Belstar F1’, ‘Monaco F1’, and ‘Rumba F1’. Phenological observations, biometric measurements, and records were conducted in accordance with the Methodology of Experiments in Vegetable and Melons (2001). Results. On ave­rage over the years of research, the highest yield was obtained from hybrids ‘Monaco F1’ (41.2 t/ha) and ‘Rumba F1’ (38.0 t/ha). A slightly lower yield was in ‘Belstar F1’ (32.3 t/ha) and ‘Batavia F1’ (29.6 t/ha). In general, all hybrids under investigation provided a significant yield increase (6.3–17.9 t/ha) compared to reference ‘Lucky F1’ (23.3 t/ha). The largest diameter of the main head was recorded in the hybrids ‘Rumba F1’ (19.7 cm), ‘Monaco F1’ (20.5 cm) and the smallest in ‘Lucky F1’ (14.3 cm). The weight of the main head of all hybrids was significantly higher than that of reference (295 g): ‘Batavia F1’ 451 g, ‘Belstar F1’ 477 g, ‘Rumba F1’ 514 g, and ‘Monaco F1’ 542 g. The weight of the side heads of the broccoli ranged from 328 g (‘Lucky F1’) to 807 g (‘Monaco F1’). The highest biochemical indicators of commodity product were provided by hybrids ‘Rumba F1’ and ‘Monaco F1’: the total dry matter content was 11.3 and 11.6%, soluble solids 6.4 and 6.7%, sugars 3.5 and 3.8%, and vitamin C 89.3 and 98.7 mg/100 g, respectively. Conclusions. Under the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, it is recommended to grow new foreign broccoli hybrids ‘Rumba F1’ and ‘Monaco F1’, which ensure high yield and quali­ty of commodity product. According to the results of the agrobiological assessment, a typical model of broccoli variety is proposed, which may serve as a project for the development of the evaluation form for ability indicators of Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. сymosa Duch. for distribution inUkraine.

Purpose. To investigate features of commercial head quality formation in varieties of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) for different growing methods. To study the influence of growing methods for cutting lettuce plants on the weight of commercial heads, indices of yield and quality of freshly harvested products. Methods. Field study, laboratory testing and statistical evaluation. Results. The results of studying peculiarities of head formation in such cutting lettuce varieties as ‘Godar’ (control), ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Olzhych’ and ‘Dyvohrai’ were shown. Based on the results of phenological observations, the duration of interstage periods of growth and development of cutting lettuce plants was determined for the different growing methods. The model of cutting lettuce of capitata variety for different growing methods was presented in terms of biochemical parameters (content of dry matter, vitamin C, nitrates, amount of sugars). The influence of growing methods for cutting lettuce plants on the commercial head weight, indices of yield and quality of freshly harvested products was studied. Obtained results confirmed that in early ripening varie­ti­es the heads were smaller (150 g) and not dense, in late ripening varieties they were large and dense, weight was 150–500 g. Freshly harvested commercial products of head lettuce in case of seedling cultivation was characterized by a slight increase in dry matter content by 0.15–0.29%. The corresponding pattern was observed for the total sugar content. Its amount was slightly higher: 1.3–1.9% in case of direct sowing and 1.6–1.9% – for seedlings cultivation. The content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, mg/100 g) was the highest in the ‘Dyvohrai’ variety despite of the method of growing. The largest quantity of nitrates in lettuce heads was in the inner stem (480 mg/kg), while in the middle of the head it was reduced to 110 mg/kg. Conclusions. Freshly harvested heads of cutting lettuce were analyzed for the content of such basic biochemical indices as dry matter, vitamin C, protein, nitrates, amount of sugars. Biochemical characteristics of freshly harvested products of heading lettuce in case of direct sowing and non-seedling methods of growing were within the error being almost identical with minor deviations. According to the study results, a typical model of capitate lettuce variety was designed which will have practical application in qualification examination of plant varieties.