The article provides summary of Peppermint examination on drought resistant with application of biotechnological breeding methods based on utilization of chemical mutagen PEG-6000 and multiplication by cloning in the culture of tissues and organs in vitro.

The article provides summary of Peppermint examination on drought resistant with application of biotechnological breeding methods based on utilization of chemical mutagen PEG-6000 and multiplication by cloning in the culture of tissues and organs in vitro.

The pomological description of studied samples has been given; the chemical composition and relation between biochemical characteristics in fruits of Prunus cerasifera subsp. macrocarpa (Erem. et Garcov.) var. pissardi Bailey has been studied. The obtained data are compared with characteristics, typical for fruits of varieties Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and forms of Persica vulgaris subsp. atropurpureae (Schneid.) Zajats.

The pomological description of studied samples has been given; the chemical composition and relation between biochemical characteristics in fruits of Prunus cerasifera subsp. macrocarpa (Erem. et Garcov.) var. pissardi Bailey has been studied. The obtained data are compared with characteristics, typical for fruits of varieties Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and forms of Persica vulgaris subsp. atropurpureae (Schneid.) Zajats.

The pomological description of studied samples has been given; the chemical composition and relation between biochemical characteristics in fruits of Prunus cerasifera subsp. macrocarpa (Erem. et Garcov.) var. pissardi Bailey has been studied. The obtained data are compared with characteristics, typical for fruits of varieties Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and forms of Persica vulgaris subsp. atropurpureae (Schneid.) Zajats. | Приведены помологические описания изученных образцов, химический состав и взаимосвязь между компонентами в плодах Prunus cerasifera subsp. macrocarpa (Erem. et Garcov.) var. pissardii Bailey. Полученные данные сравниваются с характеристиками, типичными для плодов сортов Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. и форм Persica vulgaris subsp. atropurpurea (Schneid.) Zajats. | Здійснено помологічний опис вивчених зразків, досліджено хімічний склад та взаємозв'язок між компонентами в плодах Prunus cerasifera subsp. macrocarpa (Erem. et Garcov.) var. pissardii Bailey. Отримані дані порівнюються із характеристиками, типовими для плодів сортів Prunus

On the basis of literary sources history of origin and development of agriculture is rotined in Ancient. The first Civilizations arose up on fat streamside lands of the large rivers: Nile, Euphrates, tiger, Inda, Ganga and other Earths and plenty of water are fertile during an overflow, a warm climate allowed to Ancient civilizations to grow 2-3 harvests in a year. For the receipt of high harvests, a man had to study the modes of overflow of the rivers, look after heavenly bodies, determine the areas of scopes and terms of leadthrough of the field works. The decision of these questions resulted in the origin of agronomics, astronomy, mathematics. Large harvests were instrumental in the origin of peculiar, enriching of the states, to development of trade and culture on the whole. Riches of country and overpopulation resulted in the origin of wars which one states perished as a result of, second – blossomed. Scientists consider that a high culture, intensive exploitation of soils and aggressiveness of man, brought the most Ancient Civilizations over to the ecological crisis and their elimination.

On the basis of literary sources history of origin and development of agriculture is rotined in Ancient. The first Civilizations arose up on fat streamside lands of the large rivers: Nile, Euphrates, tiger, Inda, Ganga and other Earths and plenty of water are fertile during an overflow, a warm climate allowed to Ancient civilizations to grow 2-3 harvests in a year. For the receipt of high harvests, a man had to study the modes of overflow of the rivers, look after heavenly bodies, determine the areas of scopes and terms of leadthrough of the field works. The decision of these questions resulted in the origin of agronomics, astronomy, mathematics. Large harvests were instrumental in the origin of peculiar, enriching of the states, to development of trade and culture on the whole. Riches of country and overpopulation resulted in the origin of wars which one states perished as a result of, second – blossomed. Scientists consider that a high culture, intensive exploitation of soils and aggressiveness of man, brought the most Ancient Civilizations over to the ecological crisis and their elimination.

The author has reserched the resistance of scab-immune apple cultivarsbelonging to different ecological and geographical groups to unfavorable water regime conditions and temperature stressors in summer. The comparative studies of their drought and heat-resistance have been carried out. According to the complex of the water regime idexes the cvs "Orlovskoye Polyesye", "Florina", "Imant", "Amulet" and "Vitos" have been seleted as the most drought-adapted and higt heat-resistant.

The author has reserched the resistance of scab-immune apple cultivarsbelonging to different ecological and geographical groups to unfavorable water regime conditions and temperature stressors in summer. The comparative studies of their drought and heat-resistance have been carried out. According to the complex of the water regime idexes the cvs "Orlovskoye Polyesye", "Florina", "Imant", "Amulet" and "Vitos" have been seleted as the most drought-adapted and higt heat-resistant. | Исследована устойчивость имунных к парше сортов яблони разных эколого-географических групп к неблагоприятным условиям водного режима и температурным стрессорам в летний период. Проведено сравнительное изучение засухо- и жаростойкости. По комплексу показателей водного режима выделено сорта, наиболее адаптированные к засухе - Орловское Полесье, Флорина, Имант, Амулет и Витос, обладающие также высокой жаростойкостью. | Досліджено стійкість імунних до парші сортів яблуні різних еколото-географічних груп до несприятливих умов водного режиму і температурних стресорів у літній період. Проведено порівняльне вивчення їх посухо- та жаростійкості. За комплексом показників водного режиму виділено сорти, найбільш адаптовані до посухи - Орловское Полесье, Флоріна, Імант, Амулет і Вітос, які також характеризуються високою жаростійкістю.

The article provides results of examination of individual morphologic characteristics and biological properties of hybrids and varieties of sunflower, their agronomical and economical value, inheritance, stability and variability under the influence of agro-ecologic conditions, stressful factors of environment, as well as the option of using these to perceive, describe and identify genotypes in the course of official scientific and technical DUS examination.

The article provides results of examination of individual morphologic characteristics and biological properties of hybrids and varieties of sunflower, their agronomical and economical value, inheritance, stability and variability under the influence of agro-ecologic conditions, stressful factors of environment, as well as the option of using these to perceive, describe and identify genotypes in the course of official scientific and technical DUS examination. | Изложены результаты исследования отдельных морфологических признаков и биологических свойств гибридов и сортов подсолнечника, их агрономически-хозяйственное значение, наследование, постоянство и изменчивость под влиянием агроэкологических условий, стрессовых факторов среды и возможность использования для распознавания, описания и идентификации генотипов при прохождении государственной научно-технической экспертизы на ООС. | Викладено результати дослідження окремих морфологічних ознак і біологічних властивостей гібридів та сортів соняшнику 'їхнє агрономічно-господарське значення, успадкування, сталість і мінливість під впливом агроекологічних умов, стресових факторів середовища та можливість використання для розпізнавання, опису й ідентифікації генотипів за проходження державної науково-технічної експертизи на ВОС.

Stabilizing (centripetal) breeding produced donor of short stem characteristic for winter rye (Secale cereale L.) with height of plants ranging from cm 50 to 60. Distribution curve of plant's height remained symmetric with cummulation of frequencies at central classes (leptokurtic). For the first time, designation for new allele of short-stem gene HI-2HI-2 and donor name Gnome 2 was suggested. Gnome 2 was found to have direct genetic correlation of plant height with number of flowers in the ear, length of the ear, weight of 100 seeds from the plant, as well as reverse correlation with ear density and weight of kernels from the ear.

Stabilizing (centripetal) breeding produced donor of short stem characteristic for winter rye (Secale cereale L.) with height of plants ranging from cm 50 to 60. Distribution curve of plant's height remained symmetric with cummulation of frequencies at central classes (leptokurtic). For the first time, designation for new allele of short-stem gene HI-2HI-2 and donor name Gnome 2 was suggested. Gnome 2 was found to have direct genetic correlation of plant height with number of flowers in the ear, length of the ear, weight of 100 seeds from the plant, as well as reverse correlation with ear density and weight of kernels from the ear.

Stabilizing (centripetal) breeding produced donor of short stem characteristic for winter rye (Secale cereale L.) with height of plants ranging from cm 50 to 60. Distribution curve of plant's height remained symmetric with cummulation of frequencies at central classes (leptokurtic). For the first time, designation for new allele of short-stem gene HI-2HI-2 and donor name Gnome 2 was suggested. Gnome 2 was found to have direct genetic correlation of plant height with number of flowers in the ear, length of the ear, weight of 100 seeds from the plant, as well as reverse correlation with ear density and weight of kernels from the ear. | Стабилизирующим (центростремительным) отбором создан донор короткостебельности ржи озимой (Secale cereale L.) с высотой растений 50-60 см. По высоте растений сохранялась симметричность кривой распределения и скопления частот в центральных классах (положительный эксцесс). Впервые предложены символика нового аллеля гена короткостебельности HI-2HI-2 и название донора - Гном 2 (Gnome 2). У донора Гном 2 установлены прямые генетические корреляции высоты растений с числом цветков в колосе, длиной колоса, массой зерна с растения, массой 100 зерен с растения; обратные - с плотностью колоса и массой зерна с колоса. Продуктивная кустистость на 54% обусловлена общими генетическими факторами, из них, в частности, на 30% - аддитивными, а на 24% - неаддитивными. Концепцией генетического усовершенствования продуктивной кустистости ржи Гном 2 предусматривается использование аддитивного эффекта прямым отбором, а также применением селекционных приемов, направленных на овладение эффектом гетерозиса, который обусловлен генами доминантного и эпистатического действия. | Стабілізаційним (доцентровим) добором був створений донор короткостеблості жита озимого (Secale cereale L.) з висотою рослин 50-60 см. Уперше було запропоновано символіку нового алеля гена короткостеблості НІ-2НІ-2 і назву донора Гном 2 (Gnome 2). У донора Гном 2 встановлено прямі генетичні кореляції висоти рослин з кількістю квіток у колосі, довжиною колоса, масою зерна з рослини, масою 100 зерен з рослини; обернені - зі щільністю колоса та масою зерна з колоса.

The brief biographical information and the results of industrial and biological study of fruit crops varieties in steppe zone of the Crimea have been given. Widely spread varieties for industrial, collective and private orchards in Ukraine studied by V.V. Danylenko have been given. The main published workes of V.V. Danylenko have been given.

The brief biographical information and the results of industrial and biological study of fruit crops varieties in steppe zone of the Crimea have been given. Widely spread varieties for industrial, collective and private orchards in Ukraine studied by V.V. Danylenko have been given. The main published workes of V.V. Danylenko have been given.

The article reflects the progress of genetic decrease of Rye F 3k- 10029/ Saratovske (Саратовське) 4 height by means of the shortest stem plants selection during the period from 1974 to 2010. 37 years selection of the shortest- stern genotypes decreased the plants height from 119.33 cm to 22.57cm. Targeted selection into minus direction decreased the plants height in 5,29 times on the background of the dominant HI expression. In average, the height of plants in the course of 27 breeding cycles were decreasing by 2.69 cm, but that was not going gradually. A new donor Gnom 3 had been created for ultra short-stem trait of the Winter Rye, with the marking of alleles HI-3HI-3. Relative influence on the minus selection efficiency has been established by height of plants for the selection differential (38%) and coefficient of inheritance in narrow sense (14,56%). Realized efficiency of selection in decrease of winter rye height in 72,08% of cases corresponded to predicted hit ration of the breeding. Analyzes of genetic and statistical parameters and correlation clusters of 11 utilitarian average characteristics of ultra short- stem rye Gnom 3 for the period of 1974 to 2010 has been performed.

The article reflects the progress of genetic decrease of Rye F 3k- 10029/ Saratovske (Саратовське) 4 height by means of the shortest stem plants selection during the period from 1974 to 2010. 37 years selection of the shortest- stern genotypes decreased the plants height from 119.33 cm to 22.57cm. Targeted selection into minus direction decreased the plants height in 5,29 times on the background of the dominant HI expression. In average, the height of plants in the course of 27 breeding cycles were decreasing by 2.69 cm, but that was not going gradually. A new donor Gnom 3 had been created for ultra short-stem trait of the Winter Rye, with the marking of alleles HI-3HI-3. Relative influence on the minus selection efficiency has been established by height of plants for the selection differential (38%) and coefficient of inheritance in narrow sense (14,56%). Realized efficiency of selection in decrease of winter rye height in 72,08% of cases corresponded to predicted hit ration of the breeding. Analyzes of genetic and statistical parameters and correlation clusters of 11 utilitarian average characteristics of ultra short- stem rye Gnom 3 for the period of 1974 to 2010 has been performed. | Приведена динамика генетического уменьшения высоты ржи F3K-10028/Саратовская 4 с 1974 по 2010 гг. отбором наиболее короткостебельных растений. За 37 лет отбора наиболее короткостебельных генотипов высота растений уменьшилась с 119,33 см до 22,57 см. Направленным отбором у минус-направлении уменьшено высоту растений у 5,29 раза на фоне проявления доминантного гена HI. В среднем высота растений на протяжении 37 циклов отбора уменшалась на 2,69 см, но происходило это не равномерно. Создан новый донор ультракороткостебельности озимой ржи Гном 3 с символикой генов HI-3HI-3. Определено относительное влияние на эффективность отбора при снижении высоты растений  селекционного дифференциала (38,00%) и коэффициента наследуемости в узком смысле (14,56%). Реализованная эффективность отбора при снижении висоты растений озимой ржи у 72,08% случаев совпадала прогнозированной результативностью селекции. Проведен анализ генетикостатистических параметров и корреляционных плеяд (кластеров) 11 утилитарных средних признаков  ультракороткостебельной ржи Гном 3 за периоде 1974 по 2010 гг. | Наведена динаміка генетичного зниження висоти жита F3k- 10029/Саратовське 4 протягом 1974-2010рр. добором найкороткостебловіших рослин. За 37 років добору найкороткостебловіших генотипів висота рослин зменшилася з 119,33 смдо 22,57 см. Спрямованим добором у мінус напрямку зменшено висоту рослин у 5,29 раза на фоні прояву домінантного гена НІ. У середньому висота рослин протягом 37 циклів добору зменшувалася на 2,69 см, але відбувалося це нерівномірно. Створено новий донор ультракороткостебловості жита озимого Гюм 3 з символікою алелів НІ-ЗНІ-З. Визначено відносний вплив на ефективність мінус добору по висоті рослин селекційного диференціала (38,00%) і коефіцієнта успадковування в вузькому розумінні (14,56%). Реалізована ефективність добору при зниженні висоти рослин жита озимого у 72,08% випадків відповідало прогнозованій результативності селекції. Проведено аналіз генетикостатистичних параметрів і кореляційних плеяд (кластерів) 11 утилітарних середніх ознак ультракороткостеблового жита Гном 3 за 1974-2010 pp.

The article reflects the progress of genetic decrease of Rye F 3k- 10029/ Saratovske (Саратовське) 4 height by means of the shortest stem plants selection during the period from 1974 to 2010. 37 years selection of the shortest- stern genotypes decreased the plants height from 119.33 cm to 22.57cm. Targeted selection into minus direction decreased the plants height in 5,29 times on the background of the dominant HI expression. In average, the height of plants in the course of 27 breeding cycles were decreasing by 2.69 cm, but that was not going gradually. A new donor Gnom 3 had been created for ultra short-stem trait of the Winter Rye, with the marking of alleles HI-3HI-3. Relative influence on the minus selection efficiency has been established by height of plants for the selection differential (38%) and coefficient of inheritance in narrow sense (14,56%). Realized efficiency of selection in decrease of winter rye height in 72,08% of cases corresponded to predicted hit ration of the breeding. Analyzes of genetic and statistical parameters and correlation clusters of 11 utilitarian average characteristics of ultra short- stem rye Gnom 3 for the period of 1974 to 2010 has been performed.

In the information advantages of plants of agricultural crops with photosynthesis C4 before plants of type C3 are shined. By means of genetically-modified designs uses introductions such C4 a metabolism, or its part the estimation of possibilities is spent to the main agricultural crops with C3 a metabolism.

In the information advantages of plants of agricultural crops with photosynthesis C4 before plants of type C3 are shined. By means of genetically-modified designs uses introductions such C4 a metabolism, or its part the estimation of possibilities is spent to the main agricultural crops with C3 a metabolism. | В информации освещены преимущества растений сельскохозяйственных культур с фотосинтезом С4 перед растениями типа СЗ. Проводится оценка возможностей при помощи генетически - модифицированных конструкций использования внедрения такого С4 метаболизма, или его части в основные сельскохозяйственные культуры с СЗ метаболизмом. | Через теоретичний аналіз показано переваги рослин сільськогосподарських культур з фотосинтезом С4 перед рослинами типу СЗ. Обговорено можливості залучення такого С4-метаболізму або хоча б частини його у важливі сільськогосподарські культури з СЗ-метаболізмом за допомогою генетично-модифікованих конструкцій.

Dynamics of technological and sowing indexes of grain of wheat winter-annual kinds of Natsionalna, Stolichna, Artemis in the course of long-term storage is studied. It is positioned that the best sowing indexes throughout all shelf-life the kind of Stolichna, and technological had a kind of Natsionalna. The optimum shelf-life of grain of investigated kinds has compounded six months.

Dynamics of technological and sowing indexes of grain of wheat winter-annual kinds of Natsionalna, Stolichna, Artemis in the course of long-term storage is studied. It is positioned that the best sowing indexes throughout all shelf-life the kind of Stolichna, and technological had a kind of Natsionalna. The optimum shelf-life of grain of investigated kinds has compounded six months.

Dynamics of technological and sowing indexes of grain of wheat winter-annual kinds of Natsionalna, Stolichna, Artemis in the course of long-term storage is studied. It is positioned that the best sowing indexes throughout all shelf-life the kind of Stolichna, and technological had a kind of Natsionalna. The optimum shelf-life of grain of investigated kinds has compounded six months. | Изучена динамика технологических и посевных показателей зерна пшеницы озимой сортов Национальная, Столичная, Артемида в процессе длительного хранения. Установлено, что наилучшие посевные показатели на протяжении всего срока хранения имел сорт Столичная, а технологические - сорт Национальная. Оптимальный срок хранения зерна исследуемых сортов составил шесть месяцев. | Вивчено динаміку технологічних і посівних показників зерна пшениці озимої сортів Національна, Столична, Артеміда в процесі тривалого зберігання. Встановлено, що найкращі посівні показники протягом усього терміну зберігання мав сорт Столична, а технологічні - сорт Національна. Оптимальний термін зберігання зерна досліджуваних сортів становить шість місяців.