Fruits and vegetables are a major source of antioxidants. The aim of current research was to study and compare the antiradical activity, the total polyphenol content (TPC) and the total flavonoid content (TFC) in dried carrots (Daucus carota), pumpkins (Cucurbita maxima), leeks (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum) and black radish (Raphamussativus) using a traditional convective drier and a microwave-vacuum drier. For each vegetable steaming as pre-treatment was used. Vegetables were harvested in Latvia in 2012, gathered when ripe and then dried. Analyses were made in Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Food Technology laboratories. The total polyphenol content was determined by the Folin- Ciocalteu method and the total flavonoid content - using spectrophotometric method. The antiradical activity was analyzed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results of experiments demonstrate that the total amount of polyphenols ranged from 98.97 to 623.70 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) 100 gE-1 in dry weight and the total amount of flavonoids ranged from 40.32 to 100.23 mg catechin equivalent (CE) 100 gE-1 in dry weight. The value of DPPH antiradical activity for vegetable samples ranged from 6.10 to 45.14 percents.

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.) is a perennial herb belonging to the Brassicaceae family and contains biologically active substances. The aim of the current research was to determine the most suitable extraction method and solvent for obtaining horseradish leaf extracts with high antiradical activity. For experiments fresh leaves of horseradish were extracted with seven different solvents: n-hexane, diethyl ether, 2-propanol, acetone, ethanol (95%), ethanolwater/acetic acid (80/20/1 v/v/v) and ethanol / water (80/20 by volume) using two extraction methods (conventional and Soxhlet). For all extracts, total phenolic, flavonoid content and DPPH˙, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and reducing power were determined using a spectrophotometric method. As the best solvent can be used ethanol. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content was higher in Soxhlet extracts. Comparing to other plants, the proportion of flavonoids in the amount of total phenolics is average, and it increases by increasing the polarity of used solvent. It can be concluded that by using Soxhlet extraction method it is possible to obtain extracts that are effective antioxidants. A very strong and a strong correlation has been identified between levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of the extracts.

Plant factories provide possibilities to get optimal yield of green leafy vegetables entire year independent from the season. The technology of light-emitting diode (LEDs) light has become one of the most powerful tools in photophysiological researches of various horticultural plants. In order to manage plant physiology and improve productivity, it is necessary to develop new LEDs technologies in horticulture. The aim of the study was to investigate different lighting intensities and elevated red light (660 nm) effect on tatsoi photosynthetic parameters. All plants were grown under the same light sources where overall photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) varied from 200 to 300 µmol mE-2 sE-1. Three days before harvesting red light intensity (640 and 660 nm) was increased until 132 µmol mE-2 sE-1 and 660 nm until 188 µmol mE-2 sE-1 at 16 hours photoperiod. In the last treatment merely 24 hours photoperiod was applied. The photosynthetic indices in tatsoi were determined by non-destructive methods using LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis system, OS5p fluorometer, DUALEX optical sensor and CID leaf spectrometer. Research was performed in 2017 – 2018 winter season. The obtained data revealed that the total photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at level of 200 µmol mE-2 sE-1 was sufficient for optimal CO2 assimilation in tatsoi plants. The increased PPFD of LED light at pre-harvest stage resulted in reduced photosynthetic parameters of plants.

Artichokes (Cynara cardunculus L.) contain many minerals, vitamins, fibres, and polyphenols. Environmental conditions and climate change on a global scale affects the overall agriculture and food supply. Composition of biological active compounds in plants depends on the climate and growing conditions, cultivar properties, plant development stage, harvesting time and other factors. The aim of research was to evaluate the effect of agroecological factors on yield and flavonoids content of globe artichoke. An experiment was carried out under open field conditions in Institute of Horticulture, in Pūre investigation fields during the vegetation period of 2014 and 2015. The experiment was arranged in two different soils: brown soil with residual carbonates and the soil strongly altered by cultivation. The yield and its quality were analysed during the whole vegetation period. Higher yield was observed in the soil strongly altered by cultivation. The results showed tendency that the higher flavonoids content in artichoke heads was observed in 2014 than in 2015. Significant differences between flavonoid content per harvest time are observed in both soils.

Urban trees, integral to urban environments, demonstrate intricate responses to atmospheric pollutants like particulate matter (PM), tropospheric ozone (O₃), and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Notably, O₃ induces oxidative stress in leaf tissues, while PM, consisting of fine airborne particles, interacts with urban trees through foliar deposition. This interaction is particularly interesting as tree canopies are highly effective filters, capturing and accumulating PM on their surfaces. The present study focused on silver birch, small-leaved lime, and Norway maple seedlings responses to elevated O₃ and CO₂). With and without PM. Maple seedlings exhibited the highest stem height increment, followed by lime and birch. Elevated O₃ and CO₂ without PM led to substantial height increments for lime and maple. Elevated O₃ and CO₂ without PM increased the total polyphenols in lime and maple leaves but decreased the content of total flavonoids in birch and lime leaves. Our findings underscore the adaptability of lime and maple seedlings to elevated O₃ and CO₂, positioning them as promising species for urban environments in the face of changing climates. Birch, while exhibiting biochemical changes, demonstrated less pronounced growth responses. This studyʼs insights into the intricate interactions between urban trees and multiple pollutants, particularly the species-specific responses, are of significant value for urban planning and environmental management.