Increasing young population and rising unemployment has led to employment and related indicators of serious problems and controversial country. In conjunction with the study and research on employment provinces, a variety of variables and factors involved and It seems that the lack of balance in the distribution of these variables, social inequality, economic, political and cultural between the provinces follow. Indices of employment in the provinces spatial distribution of employment index shows. The main purpose of this study is to clarification social inequalities of employment for equal distribution of possibilities in provinces. In this paper 55 softened are used. Variables dropped to 10 by means of advanced statistics methods such as factor analysis and presented in combination with meaningful factors. The importance of every factor is given too. Then the country provinces were divided into five equal classes by the cluster analysis model. The research results indicate this fact that there are serious imbalances in the country. So that in terms of employment Tehran province is in the first and south Khorasan province in the last place.

Monitoring land use and land cover changes has an important role in planning and managing environment. Vegetative Zagros region, in terms of biodiversity and genetic reserves is very important. therefore, this research investigate the basic structure of Zagros vegetative landscape and then compare the northern and southern Zagros, in Kurdistan and kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. For quantifying metrics related to the land use patches the analysis of the landscape metrics in combination with the gradient analysis method in GIS and FRAGSTATS was used. Results showed that the percentage of cover of sustainable land use for the province Kurdistan, is agriculture (45%), pasture (41%) and forest (12%) and for Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, forest (45%), pasture (35%) and agriculture (12%), respectively. Generally, have Kurdistan province landscape includes the larger patches, and has simpler and more continuity, while Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province goes toward fine grain structure.

Industrial revolution has had disadvantages despite its numerous advantages in all areas of human societies. One of the main problems our city planning is faced with these days which is caused by inappropriate special structure is the uncontrolled expansion and growth of cities. Urban sprawl growth is not limited to large cities but it has happened to small cities and middle cities as well. An example of such cities is Gonabad city and has had uncontrollably expansion throughout its life. The method of research in this study is an analytic-comparative and Shanon and Holdern entropy models are used together with ARC GIS software for preparing the maps and then the city growth pattern of Gonabad is analyzed at the end. The results that have been achieved from Shannon’s Entropy model, shows that physical development of Gonabad city have been reduce during the last ten years. Though this development has been irregular and uncompressed. Applying Holden’s model about Gonabad shows that during the years 1956-2006 around 51% of physical development has been a growth in population and 49% has been the horizontal and sprawl growth of the city that caused a reduction in population gross density and an increase in gross urban land per person.

Although Lorestan is a mountainous land in the middle bounds, of Zagros Mountains and has varied climate, watery rivers, new natural views, wetlands, waterfalls, lakes, forests, verdant pastures and its ancient civilization and history has excessive potential to attract tourists. And the it, hasn’t gained much success in affricating tourists until now present research seeks to identify development strategies in Lorestan. Descriptive – analyzing research method is applied purpose is studying tourism development in Lorestan Province by emphasis on existing limits in this province. By exploiting SWOT technique, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats have been studied and analyzed. findings indicate that this province has 12 internal stregths, 15 internal weaknesses, 8external opportunities, 10 threat that have main effect on tourism performance in the area. In this research, statistical sample included 100 officers of lorestan province and by independent single society T-test, effect of these two environments in lorestan s tourism development has been analyzed and studied. Obtained research showed that both external and internal environments, have effects on tourism development of Lorestan province Finaly, solving strategies were extracted and graded. WO strategies situated in the first priority and So strategies situated the second priority in planning.

Perception of urban development process in urban planning and management of sustainable urban development is important. In this paper physical and spatial development of Varzaneh city is studied and, after recognition of its potentials and restricts with using Boolean model and overlaying in GIS and also calculation of requisite space for the added future population optimum strategies for future development is suggested. The method of the research is descriptive-analytic and method of data gathering is documental-library. In order for completion of data and monitoring urban development of Varzaneh, we have accomplished field study and group interview with Varzaneh people. The results of the research indicated that initially urban development of Varzaneh has been was self-growing and have happened around the center of the city, but because of existing agric cultural lands. It was impossible to develop the core and the new city along with the old city has been developed (they separate from each other by the river). In new developing plans direction of development is to the north. The results also signified that not only it’s not necessary to expand the city for future development even when population are threefold rather than now but also altitudinal development of city is possible due to the free lands, urban sprawl and one- floor buildings.

Hydro geomorphology is a branch of natural geography that deals with studying the shapes of ups-and-downs which are resulted from the function of the water and streams, especially the rivers. Recognizing and expressing the hydro geo morphological elements and their functions on the primary structural surface in the Kheir Abad basin and also providing some practical plans to recognize and manage the environment of the region are very important. This region is considered as a sub-region of the Zohreh River in Kohkiloyeh & Boyer Ahmad province and this river is a sub-basin of the Persian Gulf basin. The Kheir Abad River is located in the province of Kohkiloyeh & Boyer Ahmad in Gachsaran County (located in the northeastern part of the region) which is the only main streaming river of this region that originates from the various subordinate streams (often as the seasonal rivers) of the northern, northeastern, eastern and southern altitudes, and finally it reaches to the Zohreh River in Kohkiloyeh County. The followings are the purposes of the present study: analyzing the role of the hydro geo morph logical elements of the region regarding to capabilities and limitations of the natural prospects and landscapes, providing some suggestions and strategies and applications for the region in the framework of the capabilities and limitations to reasonably use the available resources. The present and applied method in this study includes a filed one that can be a suitable method to achieve investigative purposes and evaluate the hypotheses. Examining the physiographic, hydrological and hydro geo morphological elements, the geology, climatology, soil and flora and filed studies in the region with the help of determining and analyzing the influential elements in land-forming process, Geo morphological shapes which are present in the region and their developmental conditions reveal significant role of streams.

Cities have hinterlands which depend on various factors such as economic power, population, distance and etc. Tehran megalopolis has also numerous hinterlands .Tehran as the capital city of the country is considered at the top of urban system hierarchy and has a very special place from economic, political, educational and etc. points of view. All these abilities cause a daily stream of people from the towns in the vicinity entering for work and business and returning home at the end of the day as their activities are over. Also thousands of university students and professors commute between Tehran and suburban towns every day. Considering all of these items defines Tehran hinterland. Then the question is that what areas would make Tehran megalopolis hinterland? Because of economics, presentation of services and so on determining Tehran hinterland is of a great importance. This paper shows that towns closer to Tehran are more influenced than other ones. The south, southwest and the west of Tehran are more likely to be affected as for the ease of access, concentration of population and economic activities.

This paper considers the spatial planning system in Russian Federation. Study of spatial planning system of Russia specifies three different stages from each other. The first phase consists of the sixteenth century until the early twentieth century. In this period, base of the spatial planning was formed and gradually developed during approximately 400 years. The next phase is devoted to Soviet domination. Under reliance on centralized state power and socialist ideas, spatial planning declines or can be implemented by specific and different opinions. In the third period, from creation of Russian Federation in the late twentieth century to today, territorial planning schemes are adopted at various levels of national, regional and local with emphasis on RF Urban Development Code. This era promises regular move that its perspective is provision of more appropriate context for more consistency, transparency and participation of different actors, implementation and efficiency.

Today, the development of agricultural industries, especially small and efficient agricultural sector has been paid more attention. The development of rural industries in the country led to job creation and absorption of surplus labor force in agriculture and also resulted in more exports and foreign exchange. This paper evaluates development indicators of process industries and accesses to regional inequalities in the cities of Isfahan province. The research method is descriptive-analytical. This paper tries to examine the process industries associated with agriculture in Isfahan province. Therefore, statistical data was collected and processed by SPSS and Arc View. The status of Isfahan process industries was analyzed using PIDI (Process industry development index) in order to grade the city industries conditions so that we can propose more desirable planning for optimal process industries and the processing of agricultural products. The results show that the eastern cities of the province are disadvantaged in terms of this index and are considered as the first priority in order to develop appropriate measures. The second level includes western and southern cities that are the second priority for the development. Last level of development has been drawn linearly from North-West to South-East and the final priority is allocated to this level.

Today, the knowledge of regions’ strong and weak points and the existing gaps between regions is necessary for better planning and programming to deal with them. Using such indexes as economic, sociologic, cultural, sanitary and other indexes which can be good criteria for the position and place determination of these quotients, is the main solving problem factor to achieve economic welfare, sociologic health in assessing stable development. That is the more careful this process is the more effectiveness is expected. Thus in this study three methods of numerical taxonomy, factor analysis and fuzzy logic have been used for the identification of Khuzestan province counties development ranking in 1379 and in 1386. Besides this ranking, comparative analysis of these methods has been done. Results show that the development opportunities of many counties in this province in 1386 compared to 1379 have been destroyed. Results also indicate that condense variability in numerical taxonomy is less than the two other methods. In fact, this method stands between the two methods in the ranking. Perhaps the difference in multiplier is due to standardization which can omit many clustering aspects of criteria. Indeed, it seems that fuzzy logic ranking is more reliable.