In this study, the changes in % yield, dry matter, ash, lipid, protein content, water activity, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), total viable aerobic count (TVC), yeast and mold count, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), colour parameters and sensorial properties were analysed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to either salt only or two different salt-sugar mixture treatments. For this purpose, three groups were formed. For the first, second and third group, fish samples were treated with only salt (S), salt and sugar blend (WS) and salt and brown sugar blend (BS), respectively. Then, the samples were vacuum packaged and stored at +4°C for 3 months. Overall, salt treatments, liquid smoking and cooking as well as storage generally caused remarkable changes in the parameters of interest. However, except for the sensory analysis, not a remarkable change was seen when the three groups were compared among themselves. The results of experienced panelists suggested that group BS samples had superior appearance, taste, odor and texture and therefore expected to be more preferred by the potential consumers.

Rapid urbanization in developing countries involves unplanned migration, unemployment and poverty. The steady shrinking of rural areas and the use of agricultural land for other purposes are progressively increasing the pressure on natural resources. This development on the one hand increases the risk to food security, and on the other triggers climate change. The rural population who migrate to the cities or who are absorbed into urban areas continue their agricultural activities in the urban in order to provide themselves with an income or to maintain their food security. In the big cities of the developed world, contact with nature is kept by means of hobby gardens, recreational areas and urban and suburban plant and animal farming, and creative ideas such as roof gardens can be found. This development, known as urban agriculture, is practiced by 800 million people in the world. Urban agriculture has many economic, social and environmental benefits, but it may also have risks and adverse effects. In this study, the developments in this area in Turkey and the world are presented, and all aspects of its effects and outcomes are discussed.

Public spaces are among the spaces requiring the most importance for the design in the evaluation of outdoor spaces. Public spaces are the common areas used by people of all ages, genders, and jobs. The key feature of the environmental design made in these areas is its requirement to be at the level of meeting the needs of people from all strata. Since there is not the main method for the evaluation of environmental planning of public institutions and organizations in the current literature and these areas strongly affect the texture of the city, a questionnaire study was conducted in our study with people using the courthouse and courthouse personnel to reveal the standards, criteria and the needs of users in public institutions. According to the results of the questionnaire, solution suggestions were made by revealing the positive and negative sides of landscape designs of the courthouse.

A study was conducted to analyze factors influencing adoption of wheat technology packages by smallholder farmers in Gurawa, Meta and Habro districts in eastern Ethiopia. The analysis was based on a household survey data collected from 136 randomly selected households. A Two-limit Tobit model was used to elucidate factors affecting adoption of technology packages measured based on an index derived from five components of wheat technologies which included row planting, pesticide application, use of improved varieties, and application of inorganic fertilizers, namely, Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) and Urea. Among the variables included in the model, variation in district, gender, age of the household head, education status of the household head, farm size, distance to market, distance to FTC (Farmers’ Training Centers), cooperative membership, dependency ratio, and annual income of the households were found to significantly affect the adoption of wheat technology packages. Policy makers, planners and development practitioners should give due attention to these determinants to support smallholder farmers in wheat production and enhance gains derived from it.

Bu çalışmada, farklı tarımsal ürünlerin yetiştirildiği alanlardan izole edilen mikrofungusların tarımsal üretimde sık kullanılan bir fungisit olan benomile karşı duyarlılık/dirençlilik durumları ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla mikrofungus izolatları katı besiyeri ortamında benomile direnç yönünden taranmış, dirençli olduğu görülen izolatlar sıvı besiyerine alınarak gelişimlerinin hangi oranlarda engellendiği anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında izole edilen 183 mikrofungus izolatından 23 tanesinin benomile direnç gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Benomilin bu dirençli türlerin gelişimini engelleme oranının %19 ile %66 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

In this study, economic structure and problems of trout enterprise were analysed in Fethiye district. It was aimed to determine the input of enterprises engaged in aquaculture at the Fethiye district, calculation of the economic situation, investigation of the market situation and determine problems. In addition possible solutions were tried to be to problems. In the district, it was interviewed with 17 trout enterprises. Data were collected with interviewing face to face by questionnaires. These data was analysed by MS Excel and SPSS programmes. 52.9% of the enterprises were established in the foothill, 35.3% were in open field and 11.8% were established in between valleys. 58.8% of these enterprises were individual enterprises, %17.6 was simple partnership and 23.5% were commercial partnership. The most shares in the active capital were constituted working capital with a rate of 70.3% whereas the share of landlord’s capital was 29.7%. The share of own capital in passive capital was 93.9% and the usage of foreign capital was low (6.1%). The share of variable cost was 83.6% while fixed cost was 16.4% in the total production cost. The main problem of enterprises was the rise of feed costs. A feed cost was found to constitute 63.4% of total production costs. Producers should be given support in terms of technical knowledge and efforts to raise awareness of local people and consumers should be made.

Bu araştırmada, Simmental (SİM), Aberdeen Angus (ANG), Hereford (HER), Limousin (LİM) ve Charolais (CHA) ırkı sığırların besi performansı ve karkas özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Uruguay ve Fransa’dan 2015 yılında ithal edilen 10-12 aylık yaştaki 606 baş erkek sığır kullanılmıştır. Tüm hayvanlar yaklaşık 7-9 ay süren besi süresinde aynı rasyon ile sınırsız beslenmişlerdir. Hayvanlar Nisan-Haziran 2016 arasında kesilmişlerdir. Varyans analizi sonucunda ırk, besi başı ağırlığı (BBA) ve besi süresi (BS) incelenen özelliklerin çoğu üzerine etkileri önemli (P

The aim of this study was to investigate some chemical characteristics and residual nitrite and nitrate levels of sucuk and salami samples collected from retail outlets of major supermarkets in Adana province. A total of 36 sucuk samples (12 brands; 7 national and 5 local producers) and 30 salami samples (10 brands; Macar salamis) were purchased from local markets. Sucuk and salami samples were analyzed for pH value, moisture content, water activity and nitrite and nitrate contents. The average pH values of sucuk samples ranged between 4.69 and 6.56 indicating a higher variation while the average pH values of salami samples ranged between 6.05 and 6.43. Likewise, the average moisture contents of sucuk samples were between 33.56% and 46.78% whereas the average moisture contents of salami samples ranged between 62.09% and 67.91% indicating a relatively lower variation. Water activity values of the sucuk samples were between 0.932 and 0.861 while the average aw values of the salami samples ranged between 0.916 and 0.940. Among the sucuk samples analyzed in the present study mean nitrite and nitrate contents ranged from 58.65 mg/kg to 216.63 mg/kg and 34.86 mg/kg to 161.08 mg/kg, respectively. While relatively lower nitrite (14.30 mg/kg - 35.96 mg/kg) and no nitrate contents were observed in salami samples, the data indicated that a higher variation of both nitrite and nitrate contents were still present in sucuk samples in the local markets requiring more studies and inspections to lower the variation related to dietary exposure to nitrite and nitrite from these types of products.

In broiler production which is based on fast and high live weight gains, it is important to provide nutrient and energy needs for the birds. Due to some problems in conventional feed materials that used to provide for these needs, alternative feed materials are required. Insects which in the chickens natural diets, are promising for this purpose. Among the most studied species as an alternative protein feed source, soldier fly (Hermetica illucens), housefly (Musca domestica), meadow grasshopper (Gryllus testaceus), silkworm (Bombyx mori), grasshopper (Acrididae) and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor).

Due to its importance for organic agriculture, one of the most important agricultural production systems, various sources have been proposed to increase soil organic matter content. Vermicompost is one of those sources known as the resistant last form of farmyard manure which is degraded by earthworms. Soil organic matter or humus and their compounds are nutrient sources that increase physical, chemical and biological quality of soil. Humus and humus compounds improve soil physical, chemical and biological quality parameters increasing rhizosphere aeration and water holding capacity, rehabilitating soil structure, providing plant nutrients and constituting natural media for microorganisms with their regulative effects on soil reactions. In this study, the effects of vermicompost on yield and some growth parameters of lettuce were investigated. For this purpose, a random block designed experiment with 5 different applications was conducted in 3 replicates. The applications were control, vermicompost applications of 100 kg, 200 kg and 300 kg per decare and conventional fertilization. According to the results obtained, yield and growth parameters were improved by vermicompost application when compared to control and conventional fertilization. As a result of this study, it was concluded that 300 kg vermicompost/da is a promising application in lettuce production for optimal yield and soil improvement.