Implementing the right strategies in the agricultural supply chain in the supply of seeds, pesticides, fertilizer, energy, fuel and agricultural mechanization tools and equipment has a great role in increasing agricultural productivity. The main purpose of the study is to rank and evaluate alternatives in choosing a sustainable fertilizer supplier in the agricultural supply chain by using AHP-F and ARAS-F techniques. In an environment of uncertainty and complex supply chain structure, multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are widely used to solve supplier selection problems. In this study, the importance levels and weights of the criteria in the selection of sustainable fertilizer suppliers were measured by the AHP-F method. The criteria that are important for fertilizer supplier selection were evaluated by taking expert opinions, the uncertain and uncertain opinions of the decision makers were modeled with the AHP-F approach and the weights of the criteria were determined. Among the criteria, resource consumption (FSC05) has the highest weight. Then, alternative rankings were obtained with the ARAS-F method. Fertilizer supplier alternatives in the agricultural supply chain were ranked with the ARAS-F method, using the criterion weights found with AHP-F. In the ranking of alternatives, alternative fertilizer supplier FS03 ranked first with the highest value. This study provides a resource for businesses and other stakeholders to make decisions regarding sustainable fertilizer supplier selection.

This study aims to determine the functionality and benefits of blockchain technology in food procurement. Within the scope of the study, Migros Trade Inc., a retail food supply company implementing blockchain technology in Türkiye, was examined as a case study. The study employed a qualitative research case study design, asking expert participants from Istanbul and Izmir to give their opinions on pre-designed themes, and conducting descriptive analyses of the data collected. The themes of the research are food supply chain, good agricultural practices, sustainability in food, blockchain applications in food supply and food safety. At the end of the study, it was found that the transparency and traceability principles of blockchain have a positive impact on consumers and supply chain stakeholders. However, challenges such as technical infrastructure and performance, as well as the reasons for not starting the process directly from the field, were the problems experienced. The data shows that blockchain technology is an efficient system that should be expanded in the food supply chain.

This study examines the relationships between authentic leadership perceptions and organizational commitment levels of public personnel working in the agriculture and forestry sector. Within the scope of this research, surveys consisting of ready-made scales were used. The authentic leadership scale is a scale consisting of four dimensions and 16 items. The answers given to the surveys were interpreted using the SPSS package program. When the results of the research are evaluated in general; It appears that the perception of authentic leadership has a significant effect on organizational commitment. Looking at the demographic results; According to gender, it has been determined that men have more authentic leadership perceptions than women. According to education level; It appears that authentic leadership perception and organizational commitment do not differ. When examining whether employees’ authentic leadership perceptions and organizational commitments vary according to their age; It is seen that the perception of authentic leadership and organizational commitment differ according to age. While employees between the ages of 36 and 40 have higher perceptions of authentic leadership; Organizational commitment of those between the ages of 41 and 45 was higher.

The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-genotoxic potential of thymoquinone (TQ) against DNA damage in NRK-52E cells treated with high glucose using the comet assay technique single cell gel electrophoresis method. Cells were propagated by regular passages in in vitro conditions. TQ proliferative concentration (10μM) and IC25 (3rd-hour: 550 mM, 12th-hour: 240 mM, 24th-hour: 200 mM) and IC50 (3rd-hour: 760 mM, 12th-hour: 400 mM, 24th-hour: 280 mM) values for each hour of high glucose and were determined separately with MTT method. At these concentrations, the cells were divided into control(C), Thymoquinone (TQ), high glucose(G) and high glucose plus thymoquinone (GT) groups; It was incubated with the indicated substances for 3, 12, 24 hours. DNA damage was evaluated by applying the comet assay protocol and the results were calculated as DNA damage index (DDI). While DDI levels were observed to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in all groups administered high glucose compared to the control, a significant decrease was determined in all groups in which TQ was added along with high glucose. It was determined that high concentrations of glucose had genotoxic effects on kidney cells, and TQ administration together with high glucose, depending on concentration and time, had a significant effect on reducing DNA damage. However, it was concluded that the application of only thymoquinone significantly increased the DDI value compared to the control, and this was a data worth investigating in future studies. Additionally, TQ inhibited DNA damage. These results demonstrated the importance of TQ against nephrotic syndrome with its high antioxidant properties.

Bu araştırmada, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde bulunan 12 göletin fitoplanktonik organizmaları taksonomik ve ekolojik yönden incelenmiştir. Her gölet için, sadece bir adet örnekleme istasyonu seçilmiştir. 22 Haziran 2002’de 12 istasyondan 60 μ göz açıklığındaki plankton kepçesi ile toplanan örnekler % 4’lük formaldehit ile fikse edilerek, optik mikroskopta incelenmiştir. Çalışmada tayin edilen organizmaların 15’i Cyanobacteria, 24’ü Heterokontophyta, 3’ü Dinoflagellata, 9’u Euglenophyta ve 34’ü Chlorophyta’ dan olmak üzere toplam 85 fitoplankton taksonu tespit edilmiştir. Göletler, fitoplankton taksonlarının varlık ve yokluklarına baz alınarak uygulanan kümelenme ve metrik olmayan çok boyutlu ölçeklendirme analizine göre 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Yarı kurak iklim koşullarından etkilen göletlerdeki sığlaşmanın ve tuzluluğun fitoplankton dağılımında ana faktör olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda saptanan taksonlar, fitoplanktonik organizmalar üzerine çalışmaların mevcut olamadığı K.K.T.C tatlısu alg florasi için ilk kayıtlardır.

Yağış deseninin ve potansiyelinin doğru belirlenmesi su kaynakları yönetimi, planlaması ve geliştirilmesi açısından çok önemlidir. Yağışlar zamana ve yere göre en fazla değişkenlik gösteren iklim elemanıdır. Bu sebeple yağış ölçümlerinde diğer iklim elemanlarından daha sık ölçüm ağına ihtiyaç duyulur. Bu çalışmada yağış ölçer ağı sıklığı ve konumunun Antalya Havzasında yağış deseni, miktarı ve hacmine olan etkisinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu maksatla çalışmada iki farklı veri seti kullanılmıştır. Veri Seti-1’de sadece Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (MGM) istasyonlarına ait yağış verileri kullanılmıştır. Veri Seti-2’de MGM ve Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü (DSİ) istasyonlarına ait yağış verileri birlikte kullanılmıştır. Veri setlerinin mekânsal enterpolasyonunda, çok yaygın bir kullanım alanına sahip olan jeoistatistik Ordinary Kriging (OK) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Veri setlerinin sonuçları çapraz doğrulama yöntemiyle ölçülmüş ve Ortalama Mutlak Hata (MAE), Ortalama Karekök Hatası (RMSE), Belirleyicilik Katsayısı (R2) ve Nash-Sutcliffe etkinlik katsayısı (NSE) ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Veri Seti-1 ile NSE: 0.64, R2: 0,64, MAE: 123,75 ve RMSE: 145,83; Veri Seti-2 ile NSE: 0,77, R2: 0,77, MAE: 111,55 ve RMSE: 135,22 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Veri Seti-1 ile karşılaştırıldığında Veri Seti-2’nin hata miktarları daha düşük, doğruluğu ve çalışma alanını temsil etmesi daha yüksektir. MGM ve DSİ istasyonlarının birleştirilerek kullanılması çalışma alanında istasyon ağı sıklığı ve homojenliği sağlamıştır. Bu uygulama enterpolasyon metodunun da başarısını artırmıştır. Havzanın alansal ortalama yağış miktarı MGM istasyonlarıyla 763 mm, Veri Seti-2 istasyonlarıyla 887,1 mm olarak hesaplanmıştır. DSİ yağış istasyonu verilerinin kullanımı Antalya Havzanın yağış deseni ve potansiyelinde büyük farklılıklar oluşturmuştur.

Silaj grubu yemlerin, belirli kalite standartlarında muhafaza edilmeleri noktasında, bazen katkı maddesi kullanımı önemlidir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, non-toksik, antimikrobiyal, antifungal ve biyobozunur özeliklere sahip kitosan ve kitosanın asetik ve laktik asitle hazırlanan jelatinize çözeltilerinin, mısır silajında katkı olarak kullanım potansiyelinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Kitosan ve organik asitli çözeltileri, mısır silajına iki farklı biçimde uygulanmıştır. Mısır silajına, %0,5 - %1,0 ve %2,0 oranlarında kitosan karıştırılmış ayrıca %2’lik asetik ve laktik asit çözeltilerine, %0,0 - %1,0 ve %2.0 kitosan ilave edilerek hazırlanan jelatinize karışımlar, %10 oranında mısır silajına püskürtülmüştür. Kitosanlı gruplarda, ham protein (HP), toplam sindirilebilir besinler (TSB) ve enerji değerleri (ME, NEL, NEM, NEG), diğer gruplara oranla yüksek bulunmuştur. NDF ve ADF’de çözünmeyen kalıntıların HP değerleri (NDICP, ADICP), %2,0 kitosanlı grupta daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Nispi yem değeri (NYD), kitosanlı gruplarda yüksek bulunmuştur. Besin maddeleri tüm gruplar arasında değişkenlik göstermiş, fakat değişkenliklerin gruplar arasındaki kolerasyonu uyumlu bulunmamıştır. Amonyak azotu (NH3-N) en fazla %2,0 kitosan grubunda görülmüştür. Bütirik asit sadece kitosanlı gruplarda tespit edilmiştir. Laktik, asetik ve propiyonik asit miktarları gruplar arasında farklılık göstermiş fakat bu farklılıklar katkı uygulama oranları nispetinde olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Küf sadece kontrol grubunda tespit edilmiş, uygulama gruplarında ise görülmemiştir. Laktik asit bakterileri (LAB) uygulama gruplarında, kontrol grubuna oranla daha az bulunmuş ve en az %2,0 kitosan grubunda görülmüştür. Enterobakteri grubu mikroorganizmalar uygulama gruplarında tespit edilmemiştir. Maya en fazla kitosanlı gruplarda görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak kitosan ve kitosanlı çözeltiler, bazı parametrelerde olumlu değişimlere sebep olsa da genel olarak fermantatif ve mikrobiyoljik kalite bakımından istenilen düzeyde iyileştirme sağlamamıştır.

At present environmental pollution is a talked about issue. Due to environmental pollution, humans and animals face threats. The scientist has pointed out that waste is one reason for climate change. Solid, liquid, gaseous etc. are different types of waste. The experiments were conducted to determine the chemical constituents present in dairy farm wastewater, wastewater management practice and environmental impact and compare it with the groundwater Dinajpur Sadar upazila. The data concerning the dairy farm wastewater in Dinajpur was obtained through a designed questionnaire, and separate area inspection interacting with the proprietor and workers in the dairy farm. Randomly collected samples from different dairy farms. The chemical constituents of the wastewater sample were determined by a laboratory experiment. The wastewater contained Mg, Na, Ca, Cl-, K, EC, P, HCO3-, pH, TDS, DO, COD, Zn, S, BOD, HT and NO3-. The Na, K, Ca and pH concentration of wastewater under the range in groundwater in Dinajpur. However, concentrations of P, TDS, Mg, EC, Cl-, HCO3- and HT are above the groundwater range in Dinajpur. The produced wastewater was disposed of either through drainage or piping systems on fellow land, ponds, open lakes, roadside land, urban drains, and rivers. The unplanned wastewater disposal creates bad odor, and environmental pollution, seduces the growth of mosquitoes decreases the water quality, soil quality and health hazards. Therefore, it can be concluded that the prevailing dairy farm wastewater disposal system not being satisfactory. The proper disposal system should be improved to reduce environmental impacts.

Honey is known to be a natural food product with antibacterial and wound-healing properties. Among its different types, some attributed more with medical applications including Manuka honey. In this study, some wound healing-related parameters were systematically investigated on two different types of Turkish honey (Chestnut and Anzer), in comparison with Manuka honey. Chestnut honey had considerable amount of hydrogen peroxide (5 μg/mL) whereas Manuka and Anzer honey did not contain any. Additionally, Chestnut honey had the highest acidity among all tested samples (24.50 meq/kg), as well as higher antioxidant activity (IC50 ; 2.45 mg/ml) than those of Anzer (13.02 mg/ml) and Manuka honey (6.27 mg/ml). It was also demonstrated that Chestnut honey displayed a considerable antimicrobial activity against selected pathogens. On the other hand, in the scratch assay performed as a model for the wound healing process, Anzer honey induced the highest cell proliferation corresponding to almost total wound closure for all concentrations tested. Overall, the results showed that the Turkish Chestnut and Anzer honey samples had distinguished characteristics for wound healing that is comparable to Manuka honey, and therefore are both promising candidates for use in clinical applications.

This study investigates the spatial and temporal variations in chromium (Cr) concentrations in Picea orientalis L., across different directions (north, east, south, and west) and plant organs (outer bark, inner bark, and wood) in a forested region. The research, conducted over eight age periods spanning 1980 to 2020, aimed to assess the effectiveness of Picea orientalis L. as a biomonitor for Cr pollution. The highest Cr concentrations were observed in the east direction, particularly in the inner bark and wood, while the lowest levels were found in the west. The study was conducted in an urban area near the industrial zone and highway, as well as in forested regions. A total of 100 trees were selected for the study, with samples collected from three different organs: outer bark (OB), inner bark (IB), and wood. Samples were taken from each organ at breast height (approximately 1.3 meters above the ground) to ensure consistency. The sampling covered various age periods, specifically 1980–2020, to analyze temporal changes in Cr concentrations. Statistical analysis revealed significant variations in Cr concentrations across most directions and periods, with notable increases during certain periods, especially in the west direction. These variations can be attributed to several factors, including the proximity to industrial sources of pollution, which typically release higher levels of chromium into the environment. The eastern direction likely experiences greater exposure to these emissions due to prevailing wind patterns and urban runoff, leading to increased accumulation in Picea orientalis L. Additionally, seasonal changes, temperature fluctuations, and soil characteristics may influence the bioavailability of chromium, affecting its uptake by the tree. The results suggest that Picea orientalis L. can effectively reflect Cr pollution levels, with significant directional and temporal variations that highlight the influence of these environmental factors on Cr accumulation. This study underscores the potential of Picea orientalis L. as a valuable tool for monitoring and managing Cr pollution in forested environments.