In this study, the effects of air-conditioning system on tractor performance and specific fuel consumption were examined and evaluated by experimental data. Loading performed from tractor power take-off in periodically by electrical dynamometer. Fuel consumption were measured in air-conditioning off and air-conditioning on usage and comments were discussed according to these values. In same speed and loading, measured specific fuel consumption value when the air conditioning is on more than measured specific fuel consumption value when the air conditioning is off. Torque values were measured and fuel power and power take-off power were calculated, these values were compared, comments were discussed according to these values. In same speed and loading, measured power take-off efficiency values when the air conditioning is on less than measured power take-off efficiency values when the air conditioning is off. This change is determined respectively as average 4.37%, 4.34% and 8.63% negatively for the measured three brand tractors. As a result of all data, the positive effect of air-conditioning usage on specific fuel consumption, the negative effect of air-conditioning usage on power take-off efficiency were determined.

The aim of this study was to reveal the relationships between dye reduction test scores and somatic cell count (SCC) in bovine raw milk. The SCC, methyelene blue reduction scores (MTS) and resazurin reduction test scores (RTS) were determined at biweekly intervals in four test days (TD) between March and April 2017 in a total of 89 raw milk samples sold in Samsun province as unpacked. While SCC values were recorded by an automatic counter, all SCC values were transformed to log10 base before statistical analysis. In MTS method, the time for the change of the color of milk from blue to white was noted and milk quality was assessed using a 1 to 4 point scale (1=>5h-good/excellent; 2=2-5h-medium; 3=0.5-2h-bad and 4=

This study carried out in 2015 and 2016 to determine phenological, pomological and some technological characteristics of 19 seedless mulberry genotypes of the Malatya Apricot Research Institute. Full-bloom periods of the genotypes varied between 27th of April (Poser 24-07) and 3rd of May (24 MRK 02); start of harvest dates varied between 15th of May (Poser 24-07) and 31st of May (Yediveren 24-08); end of harvest dates varied between 5th of July (Angut 009) and 30th of August (Yediveren 24-08). Fruiting durations varied between 50 days (Angut 009) and 95 days (Gemirgap Dutu 24-05). Of the pomological characteristics, average fruit weights varied between 0.77 g (Angut 009) and 2.46 g (Poser 24-07); water soluble dry matter (WSDM) contents varied between 15.50% (Topu Beyaz 1) and 29.60% (Angut 009). Of the technological characteristics, drying efficiency values varied between 15.79% (44 KE 10) and 39.94% (Angut 009), dry fruit color L values varied between 25.97 (Poser 24-07) and 50.20 (İstanbul Dutu 24-12). Based on present findings, Poser 24-07 genotype was found to be prominent with early fruiting and availability for fresh consumption; Yediveren 24-08 genotype with late fruiting; İstanbul Dutu 24-12 genotype with drying efficiency and Gemirgap Dutu 24-05 and Gemirgap Dutu 24-06 genotypes with their longer fruiting durations. Current findings may be beneficial in mulberry breeding programs.

This study was conducted with the objectives to determine the effects of licorice root powder (Glycyrrhriza glabra) on performance, serum parameters, egg yolk cholesterol and antioxidant capacity in laying Japanese quail. Two hundred and forty 10-wk-old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to four dietary groups, each one four times replicated with fifteen quails per dietary groups. Control group fed the basal diet; other groups were fed basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% licorice root powder. There were no significant differences in terms of final live weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) concentration between treatment groups. Egg production was higher in control group and 0.5% licorice root powder supplemented groups. 1.0% licorice root powder supplemented group had lower egg production rate. Licorice root powder supplementation decreased Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) concentration and increased glucose concentration significantly. Licorice root powder supplementation increased total antioxidant status (TAS) and reduced total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI). It was concluded from this study that supplementation of licorice root powder at the level of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% to the feed of laying quails had no adverse effects on performance. Licorice root powder supplementation can be used to reduce cholesterol level and increase antioxidant status in quails.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria species, specifically Listeria monocytogenes, in raw milk, pasteurized milk, white cheese, and homemade cheese. A total of 200 food samples were collected and analyzed to examine the presence of Listeria spp. The EN ISO 11290-1 method was used for isolation of Listeria. API Listeria test kit was used for biochemically characterization. Listeria spp. were isolated in 25 of the 200 samples (12.5%). The largest number of Listeria spp. was detected in homemade cheese (24%), followed by raw milk (18%), and white cheese (8%). Listeria spp. were not isolated from the pasteurized milk. The most common species isolated were Listeria innocua (5.5%); the remaining Listeria isolates were Listeria ivanovi (3.5%), Listeria welshimeri (3%), and Listeria monocytogenes (0.5%). Listeria monocytogenes was detected in only raw milk.

Phenolic compounds which have many bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and also inhibition of quorum sensing-regulated violacein pigment production properties are one of the plant secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and the inhibition of quorum sensing (QSI) activity by the phenolic extract obtained from strawberry fruits (Fragaria×ananassa cv. ‘Rubygem’). The phenolic content of extract was determined as 3089 μg GAE g fw-1. The antioxidant activity determined through the ABTS+ and FRAP method was 28.4 and 26.2 mmol TE L-1 respectively. The phenolic extract was able to inhibit all the evaluated bacteria by the disc diffusion assay in the range of 3.12–18.36 mm and could inhibit the quorum sensing phenomena in bacteria. The strawberry phenolic extract exhibited high antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing properties. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the quorum sensing inhibition activity of strawberry fruit extract. The discovery of non-toxic novel compounds within antibacterial and QSI activity could lead to the development of antimicrobial therapeutic agents that can be alternative and complementary treatments against antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens

Kesme çiçek sektöründe, çiçeğin kalite parametrelerinin ve vazo ömrünün uzun süre korunması hem ürünün ekonomik değerini hem de satıla bilirliğini artırmak açısından önem taşımaktadır. Benzer şekilde, hasattan sonra soğanlı süs bitkilerinin toprak altı organlarının soğuklama gereksiniminin giderilmesi amacıyla depolanması aşamasında, ürünün hasat sıcaklığından depolama sıcaklığına hızlı bir şekilde getirilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Ürünün kalitesini artırırken kayıpları en aza indirmek için geçmişten günümüze pek çok yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemlerden biri de ön soğutma yöntemidir. Ön soğutma, ürünün hasat sıcaklığından depolama sıcaklığına hızlı ve etkin bir şekilde düşürülmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ön soğutma, hem ürünün hasat sonrası soğuk depoya konulması hem de depolama yapılmaksızın doğrudan satışa çıkarılması durumlarında, ürünün dayanım süresini ve kalite parametrelerini artırmak için kullanılabilmektedir. Uygulandığı tarımsal ürünlerin yapısal ve fizyolojik özelliklerine bağlı olarak ön soğutma, havayla, suyla ve vakumla olmak üzere temelde üç ayrı yöntemle yapılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ön soğutma yöntemleri süs bitkilerine uygunlukları bakımından detaylı bir şekilde tartışılmıştır.

Hoşrük Çayı’ndan Mart 2104 - Şubat 2015 tarihleri arasında aylık olarak 3 istasyondan zooplankton numuneleri alınmıştır. Çaya ait su sıcaklığı, çözünmüş oksijen ve pH değerleri arazide portatif ölçüm cihazları ile belirlenmiştir. Shannon Wiever (H'), Simpson (D) ve Margalef (M) indeks değerleri ilgili formüller kullanılarak aylık olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma süresince toplam 28 zooplankton türü teşhis edilmiştir. Bu türler içinde 18 tür Rotifera, 8 tür Cladocera 2 tür ise Copepodan grubundandır. Rotiferler takson sayısı, birey sayısı ve ortaya çıkış sıklığı bakımından ilk sırada yer almıştır. Rotiferlerden Polyarthra dolichoptera 11 örneklemede tespit edilerek, tüm zooplankton türleri içinde en fazla ortaya çıkan tür olmuştur. Copepoda’dan Cyclops vicinus 9 ay gözlenerek ikinci dominant tür olmuştur. Mayıs ayı en fazla taksonun (20 tür) kaydedildiği ay olurken, ocak ayı en az taksonun (2 tür) kaydedildiği ay olmuştur. Shannon Wiever tür zenginliği indeks değeri (H') en yüksek değerine H= 1,51 ile temmuz ayında ulaşmıştır. Margalef indeks değeri de M=2,22 ile en yüksek mayıs ayında, Simpson indeks değeri D=0,89 ile mart ayında en yüksek değerinde hesaplanmıştır. H' indeks değerinin her ay düşük çıkması çayın tür çeşitliliği bakımından fakir olduğunu göstermektedir.

Coruh valley has an important biological diversity in term of plants, flora-fauna, wildlife and ecosystems. These regions contain the landraces, wild and weedy relatives, other wild, herbaceous and flowering trees, herbaceous flowering plants, medicinal and aromatic and flowering and ornamental shrubs plants species which are especially economically important plant for floriculture, eco-tourism, botanical tourism and nature tourism. Many important medicinal and aromatic and ornamental plants species are found in this region and naturally grow. It is considered that Acantholimon, Achillea, Alkanna, Allium, Amygdalus, Angelica, Anemone, Anthemis, Arabis, Arctium, Artemisia, Asparagus, Asperula, Astragalus, Calamintha, Calendula, Calutea, Campanula, Capparis, Cardamine, Centaurea, Cephalanthera, Cephalaria, Chelidonium, Chenopodium, Chysanthemum, Colchicum, Consolida, Coriandrum, Cornus, Coronilla, Cerasus, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Crocus, Cyclamen, Dactylorhiza, Digitalis, Dianthus, Draba, Echinops, Equisetum, Ferula, Filipendula, Fritillaria, Fumaria, Gagea, Galanthus, Galium, Genista, Gentiana, Geranium, Geum, Gladiolus, Glychirrza, Helichrysum, Hesperis, Hypericum, İnula, İris, Isatis, Juniperus, Lilium, Linaria, Linum, lysimachia, Malus, Malva, Marrubium, Melissa, Mentha, Micromeria, Morina, Muscari, Mysotis, Narcissus, Neotchichatchewia, Nepeta, Onobrychis, Orchis, Ornithogalum, Origanum, Paeonia, Papaver, Pedicularis, Peganum, Phelypaea, Platanthera, Plantago, Pilosella, Pelargonium, Potentilla, Polygonum, Polygala, Primula, Punica, Prunus, Pyrus, Ranunculus, Rhamnus, Rhododendron, Rhus, Rosa, Rubia, Rubus, Rumex, Salvia, Sambucus, Satureja, Scilla, Scorzonera, Scutellaria, Sedum, Sempervivum, Sideritis, Sophora, Sorbus, Stachys, Tanecetum, Teucrium, Thymus, Trigonella, Tulipa, Tussilago, Uechtriitzia, Vaccinium, Verbascum, Verbena, Veronica, Viburnum and Ziziphora species commonly found in the region may be may be evaluated economically.

Araştırmada önemli bir hümik ve fülvik asit kaynağı olan leonarditin ağırlık esasına göre değişik miktarlarda toprağa karıştırılmasının kıvırcık yaprak salatada (Lactuva sativa var. crispa) su tüketimi ve tarımsal verimliliğe olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sera koşullarında saksı denemesi olarak yürütülmüştür. Kullanılan toprak killi-tınlı bünyeye sahip olup, denemede 10 L hacimli PE saksılar kullanılmıştır. Araziden alınan topraklar sera içerisinde yere serilerek kurutulmuş ve leonardit ile karıştırılıp inkübasyon süresince bekletilmiş sonrasında saksıya alınmıştır. Çalışma 3 yinelemeli olmak üzere 4 farklı konuda tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde tasarlanmıştır. Konular L0: (Kontrol), L5: (%5 leonardit + %95 toprak), L10: (%10 leonardit + %90 toprak) ve L20: (%20 leonardit + %80 toprak) şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Bitki su tüketimi saksıların tartımı yoluyla belirlenmiştir. En yüksek su tüketimi L0 kontrol konusunda (leonardit uygulanmayan saksı toprağı) 9,74 L ile gerçekleşmiş iken, en düşük L20 konusunda 7,20 L olmuştur. Farklı miktarlarda uygulanan leonardit düzeylerinin verim ve bazı gelişim parametreleri üzerine etkileri ayrı ayrı istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P