The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of improving chilling stress tolerance of eggplant seedlings through exogenous melatonin (MEL) application. Eggplant (Hadrian F1) seedlings were treated with various concentrations (0, 1, 5 or 25 μM) of MEL via soil drench after which they were subjected to chilling stress at 5°C/10°C (night/day) for 3 days. Following stress imposition, the efficacy of MEL applications on enhancing chilling stress tolerance was determined by several physical and physiological measurements and biochemical analyses. The results demonstrated that exogenous application of MEL alleviated the adverse effects of chilling stress in eggplant seedlings. Among the MEL concentrations tested, 5 µM was determined as the most effective concentration since antioxidant enzyme (CAT, POX and APOX) and photosynthetic activities increased while visual and membrane damage decreased in 5 µM MEL-treated seedlings. Also, these results are the first experimental evidence that exogenous application of MEL could improve chilling stress tolerance in eggplant, but further detailed studies are necessary to better understand the mechanism in acquiring chilling tolerance.

Changing climatic conditions and growing population size lead take precautions against potential risks. Researchers who study in the agricultural field, including animal production, focus on finding out variants and breeds resistant to diseases and environmental stress. Detecting gene regions that affect resistance to diseases and environmental stress might increase the performance of the selection in favor of these traits. Due to these reasons in this study, five Turkish native cattle breeds were investigated for SNPs belonging to TLR2, NOD2, and IFNγ (using EcoRV, BsaHI ve HphI enzymes, respectively) reported to be associated with paratuberculosis previously. In total, 169 animals were analyzed from Native Southern Yellow (NSY= 29), East Anatolian Red (EAR=35), Anatolian Grey (AG=36), South Anatolian Red (SAR=34), and Native Black (NB=35). The genotype and allele frequencies were calculated with the PopGene32 program, and Khi square test was performed to determine whether the populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). While at TLR2- EcoRV and NOD2- BsaHI loci, two alleles (A and C, C and T, respectively), IFNγ- HphI locus was found to be monomorphic for the G allele. For TLR2- EcoRV locus, the C allele was found as predominant except NB breed, and the C allele was predominant for all breeds at NOD2- BsaHI locus. However, in all breeds, NOD2- BsaHI locus was at HWE, for TLR2- EcoRV NSY and SAR breeds showed derivation from HWE.

Free radicals or highly reactive oxygen species are capable of inducing oxidative damage to the human body Plants containing phenolic compounds have potent antioxidant capacity. The present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activities of Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), a plant widely used as natural remedy for digestive disorders in folk medicine. Total polyphenol contents were determined using Folin Ciocalteu's reagent; flavonoids were quantified employing the AlCl3 Method. EAE extract showed the highest polyphenolic and flavonoids contents (358.37±2.28 GAE/g of dry extract and 105.44±3.48 QE/g of dry extract) respectively. The EAE had the highest antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. EAE and ME extracts exhibited the highest reducing power. EAE possess an IC50 close to BHT (0.074 mg/ml) as reference drug All extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in the linoleic acid emulsion system (76.81% -86.93 %). EAE showed an inhibition ratio of (86.93 %) close to that of BHT (94.9±1.52 %). These findings provide evidence that Myrtus communis L. berries are a potential source of antioxidant which have many benefits towards human health.

Molecular hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, flammable, and diatomic gas. Molecular hydrogen is dissolved directly in water to be used in the form of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) to keep the freshness of fruits and vegetables. The shelf-life of the product was increased and the quality attributes were maintained when hydrogen was applied to some food products such as milk, tea, and fruit juices. Some grain products and greens grew rapidly and their antioxidant substance levels increased when they were supplied with hydrogen-rich water. Molecular hydrogen has shown an important application in food drying in recent years, was used especially in reducing atmosphere drying (RAD) technology. Few studies have been conducted on the use of molecular hydrogen in food products. Due to its various positive effects, the use of molecular hydrogen in the food industries using different techniques and processes could be encouraged by the presence review

This study is conducted to improve growth performance, breast meat characteristics, welfare, and immunity level of broiler chickens by using a combination of monochromatic LED light in the early and later periods of the rearing. A total of 576 one-day old mixed sexes broiler chickens (ROSS 308) were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments: 1) White fluorescent light (Control, WF), 2) Green LED light (G), 3) Blue LED light (B) and 4) Green-Blue LED combination light (G-B) (green light for first 3 weeks, switching to blue light for remaining 3 weeks). Body weights (BW), body weights gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality rates were determined. In addition, on d 39, gait score and at 21 and 40 d of age, tonic immobility (TI) duration and at 28 and 40 d for immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum and at d 42 of age, pectoral muscle quality and tibia bone characteristics were determined. The results showed that birds under Y-M had significantly higher CA in the first 21 days than these of BF and M and in the last 3 weeks than the broilers in the BF and G. At the end of the experiment, it was revealed that the B and G-B groups consumed more feed than the other groups. FCR, mortality rates and TI duration in broilers were not affected by light treatments. Light affected the gait score which is a welfare indicator in broilers was affected and G group had the worst gait score. Light affected values of pH24, b* and water-holding capacity in the breast muscle and the lowest pH24 value appeared in G-B group. On 40th day of the trial, although the IgG levels in all the treatment groups decreased according to the 28th day, the IgG level of G-B group was found higher than the other groups. In conclusion, the present study shows that in chickens, the monochromatic G-B combination had a positive effect on the growing and especially the high level of IgG determined in the blood serum showed that it can be effective in development of a strong immunity.

: Global climate change is a threat to Turkiye, especially in the agricultural sector. In recent years, the impact of climate change has been felt seriously in Çorum Province. The present study was carried out after it was observed that the average temperature in Çorum province, which was 10.8 °C in 1929-2019 period, rose up to 13.15 °C in 2020. The aim of the present study was to determine the factors that affect the climate change adaptation behavior of the farmers in Çorum, where 37% of the land is devoted to wheat production. A survey was conducted with 385 farmers in January and February, 2021. It was revealed that personal experience had a positive effect of 54% on adaptation behavior, 50% on risk perception and 81% on climate change beliefs. In addition, although belief in climate change had a 45% positive effect on risk perception, risk perception and beliefs had no significant effect on the adaptation behavior. As a result, raising the awareness of farmers about adaptation using agricultural extension services and personal experience teaching method before incurring economic loss is critical to reduce climate risks and to better adapt to climate change.

Soil and water are the two most important basic factors for ensuring sustainable agricultural production. On the other hand, supplying quality and sufficient irrigation water from the nature for agricultural production is getting harder day by day. The decrease or pollution of natural resources for irrigated agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid climatic regions, necessitates making agriculture with the use of low-quality irrigation water. Low-quality irrigation water causes salinization of the soils in the production areas. If the salinized lands are not washed or rehabilitated, it is inevitable that they will be out of production soon. In the agricultural area, salinity can occur naturally as well as irrigation practice. Salinity, which is an important problem for agriculture in the world, causes increasing soil losses every year. Efforts should be made to eliminate the problem of salinity in sustainable agriculture. In addition, salinity-resistant plants can be preferred to be grown as well as encouraging conscious irrigation in the salinized areas.

A total of 432, ISA Brown growing pullets were used to evaluate the effects of feeding diets containing Turmeric, Clove and Turmeric + Clove on growth performance and intestinal morphology. The birds were divided into 36 groups of 12 each weighed and allotted into experimental units. A total of nine experimental diets were formulated such that they contained 0, 1 and 2% turmeric, 0, 1 and 2% clove, and 0, 1 and 2% turmeric + clove combination on a 1:1 basis, respectively, in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement (turmeric × clove × turmeric + clove: 0 × 1 × 2), replicated four times. The birds were weighed weekly to determine their body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. At the end of the experiment, 27 birds were sacrificed, and the duodenum, jejunum and ileum segments of the gastro intestinal tract were removed for gut histo-morphometry. Results showed that level of inclusion of feed additives significantly influenced feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Birds fed 1 and 2% inclusion of feed additive had reduced feed intake and lower FCR value when compared to higher FI and FCR values recorded in birds fed 0% inclusion of additives. Duodenal, jejunal and ilea morphology were significantly influenced by turmeric, clove, turmeric + clove, inclusion levels and treatment interaction. Birds fed diet containing turmeric + clove have significantly longer duodenal and jejunal villi as well as best duodenal and jejunal villus height: crypt depth ratio. It was concluded that up to 2% turmeric and turmeric + clove can be included in growing pullet’s diet for improved performance. Inclusion of turmeric, clove and turmeric + clove improved morphological changes in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of birds which might influence nutrient absorption and thus, improved FCR.

A myriad of health claims are being made in favor of the consumption of green tea due to its easy availability and greater popularity. On the contrary, certain health risks of excessive green tea consumption have begun to emerge. The aim of the present research was to observe the baleful effects of excessive green tea intake on hematological parameter and histoarchitecture of liver. A total of thirty (n=30) Swiss albino mice were taken and randomly divided into Control C, Treated T1, and Treated T2 groups. Each group consisted of ten (5 male+5 female) mice. The Control C group was fed with normal mice pellet and water (3ml/mice) orally but the treated T1 group was supplied mice pellet with 2ml/mice of green tea+1ml/mice of water orally as well as treated T2 group was given mice pellet and 3ml/mice of green tea orally two times in a day for 60 days. After the experimental tenure, mice of each group were sacrificed ethically and samples (Blood, liver and lungs) were collected for further hematological and histomorphological studies. Treated T2 group of mice were motionless (inactive and stagnant). Anatomopathologically, the liver surface became dark red in color with considerable hepatomegaly and mild hemorrhage also found on lung surface. Histologically, mild central vein congestion and severe venous congestion with dilation were found in the portal vein of the liver of the treated T2 group of mice. Hematologically, hemoglobin level significantly reduced in the treated T2 group of mice than the others. Within this experimental period, female mice of each group gave birth (15-18 pups) that were devoid of any abnormality. Therefore, it can be concluded that excessive green tea intake in a day might have baleful effects on hematological parameter (Hb concentration) and histoarchitechture of liver in Swiss albino mice.

Agricultural production have remained rudimentary despite many years’ of technology development and transfer; to reverse this declining trend, several agricultural policies and programmes aimed at ensuring sustainable production, improved income and farm expansion with added value output have become very germane. This study therefore analyzed tomato farmers’ participation in ASTC activities in Jos-south local Government Area of Plateau state, Nigeria. This study adopted multi stage sampling techniques. Primary was data collected from 80 respondents, during the 2017/2018 farming season and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, participation index, weighted average index analysis and Binary Logit regression. The result of the study revealed that 73.8% were male; 88.75% had access to extension contact. The estimated mean for educational training, household size, farm income and farming experience were 6 years; 8 people; ₦108,500/ha and 12 years respectively. Also, most (68.7%) of the farmers have low participation index of ≤0.45; this trend is responsible for the existing low farm productivity of this crop in the area. Furthermore, the benefits derived from participating in ASTC activities among the respondents were significant as indicated by their weighted average index. In addition, the estimated coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was 0.7602. Also, the coefficients of household size (0.421), education (0.559), experience (0.808), income (0.485) and extension contact (0.376) were statistically significant; implying that these factors in the regression model affected the likelihood of farmer’s decision to participate in ASTC activities. Adequate labour supply; establishment of pilot farms; capacity training; access to agricultural credit, extension services, agro service centres, agricultural information, input supply and cooperative formation are strongly recommended.