Ticari yumurta çiftliği endüstrilerinde, kusurlu yumurtaların otomatik olarak ayrılması ekonomik ve sağlık açısından önemlidir. Günümüzde, kusurlu yumurtaların tespiti manuel olarak yapılmaktadır. Bu durum, zaman alıcı, yorucu ve karmaşık süreçler içermektedir. Tüm bu nedenlerden dolayı, yumurta yüzeyinde oluşabilecek kusurların otomatik olarak sınıflandırılması oldukça önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, bu çalışmada, nesne tanıma ve sınıflandırma alanlarında yüksek performans sağlayan Evrişimsel Sinir Ağlarına (ESA) dayalı geliştirilen AlexNet, VGG16, VGG19, SqueezeNet, GoogleNet, Inceptionv3, ResNet18 ve Xception mimarileri kullanılarak yumurta kusurlarının sınıflandırılması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu mimarilerin performansını test etmek için kirli, kanlı, kırık ve sağlam yumurtaları içeren özgün bir veri seti inşa edilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda, en yüksek doğruluk skoru VGG19 mimarisi ile %96,25 olarak elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlarda, ESA yöntemlerinin kusurlu yumurtaların sınıflandırılmasında yüksek başarı sağladığı gözlenmiştir.

The roles of protein in bodybuilding and the regulation of biological processes are important in sustaining life. A large amount of protein is required by both humans and animals and this cannot be supplied by only conventional sources. This is because of the rapid increase in world population. The present sources of protein will not meet global protein demand in years to come. Scientists explore the production of single-cell protein (SCP), as an alternative source of protein, through the utilization of wastes and low-value materials. SCP can supply high-quality protein containing both essential and non-essential amino acids that can be utilized by humans and animals. Protein from microbial biomass is cheaper than animal proteins because the substrates used in the production are generally cheaper and more readily available. Moreover, the production process does not require arable land and the entire process can be completed within a short time. This article reviewed the process of SCP production. Different raw materials used in the production and variations in growth media preparation methods were discussed. Various sources of fermentation microorganisms and their potential substrate were reviewed. Growth media enrichment using different carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources was also discussed.

Bu çalışmada tüketicilerin gıda ürünleri satın alınırken sahip oldukları sosyo-ekonomik ve demografik nitelikler ile çevre farkındalığı ve bilinç düzeyi arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra tüketicilerin çevre dostu gıda ürünlerine güveninde etkili olan faktörler incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri Tekirdağ ili Süleymanpaşa ilçesinde 171 kişi ile yapılan anketlerden elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirmesinde frekans dağılımlarından, ki-kare ve faktör analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarında, tüketicilerin genel tüketim alışkanlıklarında çevre dostu olma düzeylerinin yaş, eğitim, 10 yaş altı çocuğa sahip olma, aylık gelir düzeyi, aylık gıda harcaması düzeyine göre farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Yaşı, 36 yaş üstü tüketicilerin diğer tüketicilere oranla çevresel duyarlılığı daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde, lisans ve üstü eğitim düzeyine sahip tüketicilerin lisans altı eğitime sahip kişilerden daha çevre dostu olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer yandan, çevre dostu ve insan sağlığına duyarlı üretim yöntemleri ile üretilen gıda ürünlerine tüketicilerin güven düzeyine etki eden 11 değişkene faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. 11 Değişken, “Yasal düzenlemeler ve tutundurma çabaları”, “Sertifikalar ve etiket bilgileri” ve “Ürünün bilinirliği” olarak 3 faktör altında toplanmıştır. Bu açıdan değerlendirildiğinde çevre dostu gıda ürünlerinin tüketici nezdindeki güvenirliğinin artırılmasında yasal düzenlemelerin yanı sıra sertifikaların ve etiket bilgilerinin oldukça önemli olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Bununla birlikte günümüzde gıda ürünleri pazarında tüketici odaklı çalışmalarda tüketicilerin çevresel tutumlarının da dikkate alınması gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır.

Atlara doğru çakım uygulaması; at refahı ve performansında önemli bir yere sahiptir. At refahı ve performansının olumlu yönde yürütülebilmesi için atçılık ekip çalışmasından ve bilgisinden geçmektedir. Canlı ile yapılan binicilik sporunda atlarla sürekli iç içe olan ilgilenen ekip içerisinde at sahibi, antrenör, binici, bakıcı ve veteriner hekimler tarafından yapılması ve kontrol edilmesi gereken standartları bilmesi ve uygulaması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, Türkiye’de ticari rekreasyon işletmeleri olan binicilik kulüp tesislerinde bulunan spor atlarına nalbantlar tarafından nal çakım uygulaması belli zaman aralığında yapılmaktadır. Nalbantların spor atlarına nal çakım uygulamasını sağlıklı ve doğru bir şekilde uygulayıp uygulanmadığının standartlığını sağlayabilmek maksadı ile at sahibi, antrenör, binici, bakıcı ve veteriner hekimlerine spor atı nal çakım değerlendirme ölçeğiyle birlikte akademik çalışmalara katkı sağlamaktır.

Camelina sativa L. Crantz., which draws attention with its non-food use (biodiesel, animal feed etc.) against the increasing demand for oilseeds worldwide, is a good alternative plant. It is important to identify suitable and stable genotypes for regions along with high protein and oil content. The purpose of this study, camelina genotypes of Turkey in 3 different locations (Ankara, Ankara, Eskisehir) to investigate the quality characteristics in terms of genotype environment interactions in unirrigated and unfertilized conditions. 36 different genotypes, purified lines by negative selection, were analysed with 3 standard genotypes with augmented trial design. Environmental (E), genotype (G) and G × E interactions, which are sources of variation for protein and oil content, have been shown to be important. Oil and protein content were found ranged from 34.35%-37.88% and 25.76%-27.64% respectively. We have obtained important findings in our study to see the performance of Camelina sativa, and the possibility of alternative oil plants for these regions. İn terms of correlation of protein ratio and oil ratio, genotypes with high value that were least affected by each other were determined. The results showed that genotype selection by regions is important in terms of protein and oil ratio.

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the 305-day milk yield of dairy cattle by using Regression Tree Analysis (RTA). The data set of this study consisted of 8 different cattle breeds grown in Turkey. Breed (B), Province (P), Lactation Length (LL), Service Period (SP), Dry Period (DP), Parity (PR), Calving Year (CY), Calving Age (CA) and Calving Month (CM) were used to predict the 305-day milk yield. Results of RTM showed that the usage of this method might be appropriate for determining the important factors that would be able to affect the 305-day milk yield (R2=71.3%). It was seen that the most important factors affecting the 305-day milk yield were the Breed, Lactation Length, Province, and Parity. Therefore, those selected factors were more efficient than the others in predicting the 305-day milk yield. RTA results also indicated that the lowest milk yield was estimated for Jersey, Jersey Crossbred, and Yerli Kara. Among the highest 305-day milk yield cows, the milk yield estimates of the cows in the second, third, fourth, fifth, and the sixth parities were found significantly higher than that of the cows in the first and seventh parities.

This study aimed to determine and compare aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) levels in conventional and organic milk, white cheese, and butter samples which are sold in the markets of Turkey. Within the scope of the study, totally 72 samples (36 for organic, and 36 for conventional) were collected, and analyzed between March 2010 and February 2011. After the samples were burned by microwave burning, element measurements were performed on atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) device. As a result of the study, on the 49 samples (29 conventional, 20 organic) of the 72 collected product, element levels were determined above the limit of detection (LOD) (0.02 ppm). Pb and Al were the most common elements above the LOD. However, milk samples with a Pb level above the LOD still remained below the limit reported by the Turkish Food Codex Regulation for Contaminants. Since Turkish Food Codex Regulation does not have legal limits for Al, As, Cd and Pb for dairy products (cheese and butter), it was accepted as safe in terms of Al, As, Cd and Pb according to food limits in Turkish Food Codex and ADI values of FAO / WHO.

South East Anatolia Region has a large genetic plant diversity due to its physical and different climatic charesteristics. These plants are potential sources of antioxidants that prevent oxidative stress caused by oxygen and photons. In recent years, it has become important to study the antioxidant capacity of many molecules found naturally in foods and biological systems. The reason for this is that it is believed that when the consumption of food rich in antioxidants is increased, the risk of developing different degenerative diseases will be reduced. In this study, it was aimed to measure the antoxidant capacity of Quercus infectoria, G.olivier gal seeds grown in Southeastern Anatolia. Q. infectoria gal seeds from Sanlıurfa province were used in our study. Q. infectoria gal seeds were extracted with water, ethanol and methanol and then antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and malondialdehyde levels, which are indicators of oxidative stress were determined by spectrophotometric methods. It was found that the antioxidant capacity (catalase and superoxide dismutase activities) of extracts obtained from ethanol and methanol were higher and their malondialdehyde levels were statistically lower than those obtained from water. However, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels of the extracts obtained from methanol compared to the extracts obtained from ethanol. It has been concluded that Q. infectoria gal seed has a effective antioxidant effect. In addition, it was observed that extracts obtained from ethanol and methanol have higher antioxidant capacity than extracts obtained from water.

This study was conducted to collect local Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) genotypes belonging to Malvaceae (Mallow) family in the Northern Cyprus and morphological characterization of this collected material. On the other hand, due to the limited studies on collection and morphological characterization, which are the first step of breeding; the genetic potential of the local okra genotypes of Northern Cyprus has not been determined before. This research was carried out in two stages as the collection and morphological characterization of genotypes. In the first stage of the study, it was aimed to collect local okra genotypes and a total of 58 different locations were reached in line with this target and 24 samples of okra genotypes were collected from these areas. In the second year of the study, morphological characterization studies of 24 okra genotypes from the collected genetic material were carried out according to UPOV and IPGR criteria. As a result of morphological characterization showed that 24 okra genotypes can be categorized under 6 different groups. The regenerated seeds of these 6 different genotypes were preserved. In conclusion, although morphological characterization analyses performed in this study are the methods used to differentiate new species from each other, but it will be insufficient alone. Therefore, it is concluded that this method will be used in coordination with molecular characterization studies to provide more reliable results.

Family health centers in Turkey started to be implemented for the first time in Düzce in 2004 years within the scope of Law No. 5258. While determining the physical conditions of the places where family health centers are built, the first item in the regulation is that the building should be easily accessible. This situation shows the importance of the subject in terms of accessibility. While determining the features of the places where FHCs will be made, environmental characteristics are also taken into consideration. Environmental features are effective in determining the FHCs location in different ways. These impacts are divided into two groups: the physical features that pavements, roads and parks can include, and the social, cultural and institutional features of neighborhoods that include local social ties and collective activities. From this point of view, the importance of the location of family health centers relative to roads and houses is understood. The aim of this study is to examine the accessibility of Family Health Centers in Konyaaltı, Antalya, on a neighborhood basis using Geographic Information Systems. Konyaaltı has 21 Family Health Centers. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that most of the neighborhoods had problems in terms of accessibility, while a very few of them did not experience problems in terms of accessibility. In terms of the total number of buildings, the ratio of buildings that are 500 meters walking distance from any family health center by using highways is 35.56%. With these rates, 3,634 of the 10,2018 buildings remain within the limits of the regulation. Finally; suggestions were made to increase accessibility to these areas.