An experiment was conducted with laying hens to determine the effects of feeding excesses of methionine in a practical layer diet. One hundred and thirty two laying hens at 61 weeks of age were used for the experiment. Two body weight groups (light and heavy) and three levels of mehionine were assigned to six groups of laying hen in a 2x3 factorial design. The diets were a 16.5% crude protein corn and soybean meal positive control diet (0.33% methionine), and this diet fortified with 1.00% additional DL-Methionine or 1.50% additional DL-Methionine. The diets were fed ad libitum to the hens for 10 consecutive weeks of production. For the total production period, body weight gain, hen-day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different among any of the treatments in the two body weight groups (P>0.05). The study indicated that considerable tolerance exists in laying hens for individual excesses of the DL-Methionine commonly used as supplement in poultry diets.

Bu derleme, bitkilerin kuraklık stresine karşı gösterdikleri kompleks fizyolojik ve metabolik tepki mekanizmaları hakkında bilinenleri özetlemek, en etkin yaklaşımları vurgulamak ve tarımsal anlamda önemi olan bitkilerin kuraklık toleransını arttırmak amaçlı çalışmalar için kullanılabilecek olan yeni yaklaşımları değerlendirmek amacını taşımaktadır. Kuraklık, tarımsal üretimde ciddi verim kayıplarına neden olan etmenlerin başında gelmektedir. Küresel ısınmaya bağlı olarak beklenen şiddetli kuraklık olayları, tarımsal anlamda kullanılan bitkilerin kuraklık toleranslarının arttırılması yolunda ciddi adımların acil olarak atılmasının gerekliliğini bir kez daha gözler önüne koymaktadır. Hareket edemeyen canlılar olan bitkiler, kuraklık, sıcaklık, tuzluluk ve aşırı yağış gibi abiyotik stres koşullarına büyüme ve gelişmeleri en az zarar görecek şekilde fizyolojik ve metabolik değişikliklerle tepki vermektedirler. Ancak, abiyotik stres koşullarında meydana gelen bu değişiklikler, karmaşıklıklarından dolayı uzun yıllardır üzerinde çalışılıyor olmasına rağmen halen tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bu da, bitki kuraklık stres tepkisini anlamak ve tarımsal anlamda önemi olan bitkilerin stres toleransını arttırmak amaçlı çalışmalarda yeni yaklaşımlar kullanılmasını gerektirmektedir. Karşılaştırmalı genomik ve tranksriptomik çalışmaların yapılması, bitki kuraklık stres tepkisinde miRNA’ların oynadıkları rollerin anlaşılması, toleransları daha yüksek olan yabani genotiplerin mekanizmalarının aydınlatılması ve bitki stres adaptasyonunda epigenetiğin rolünün ortaya konulması öncelikler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu bilgilerin klasik ıslah çalışmalarıyla entegrasyonu, doğada gerçekleşen çoklu abiyotik stres koşullarına dayanıklı bitkilerin geliştirilebilmesi için en önemli aşamadır.

The aim of present study was to determine the growth performance of Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii throughout 5 years and to investigate problems encountered in grow-out phase. Fish samples (2750.88±351.18 g, 80.18±6.49 cm mean±SD) were equally stocked into fiberglass tanks, three replicate per treatment and fed for 5 years. Gain of weight and length, Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Condition Factor (CF) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were determined. Our results indicated that mean final length and weight were 106.34±2.79 (cm) and 6651.16±3.16 (g). The mean condition factor (CF) at year 5 was 0.51. FCR values fluctuated and the highest value of food conversion rate (FCR) was determined in 4th year. During the rearing period of Russian sturgeon, SGR values decreased dramatically from 2.88 to 1.83. In conclusion, slow growth was determined in Russian sturgeon A. gueldenstaedtii. Therefore, there is need for extensive evaluation and comparison of data obtained from field studies and those obtained from laboratory studies.

In the current research, it was aimed to determine Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and the factors effecting on SCC in milk samples of Brown Swiss cattle raised at different farm conditions in Yıldızeli district of Sivas province in Turkey. Raw milk samples were collected at morning milking in months of May and November in year 2012. In total, 244 milk samples from 122 Brown Swiss cattle were analyzed. The effects of calving age, farm and test month on SCC were statistically significant. In the present study, the average SCC was determined as 1209696±111361 cells/ml. About 56.6% of milk from November month and about 48.4 % of milk samples from Brown Swiss were containing over 500.000 cell/ ml. As a result, Brown Swiss cattle identified SCC in raw milk samples were significantly higher than the values specified in the legislation of the European Union Commission and Turkish Food Codex.

Compulsory competition occurring in the world trade has led the enterprises to different marketing system. Marketing problems seems to be a problem in Turkey rather than agricultural production problems. In this aspect, marketing alternatives are sought. E-commerce is a system with more opportunities in agricultural marketing. Increasing the applicability of this system in Turkey will eliminate many problems associated with marketing in agriculture. With an active use of E-commerce in agricultural marketing, it provides convenience at marketing products of agro-related industries agencies and producers and all country will have a potential market position. In this study, possibilities offered by e-commerce to the agricultural sector, opportunities, threats, deficiencies and contributions to agricultural sector have been addressed. Without the limitations of place and time via the internet and computers, establishing national and international supply and demand balance of e-commerce seems to play important roles in maintaining an active and alive marketing. Furthermore, it is an important tool in reducing agricultural marketing problems.

In this study, it was evaluated paraoxonase activity (PON) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver tissue of Oreochromis niloticus fed with mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplemented diet. For this purpose, fish were fed commercial diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.35% and 0.45% dietary MOS for 60 days. At the end of experiment, PON activity of liver tissue was increased in MOS groups when compared to control group. It was determined that MDA level of tissue was decreased significantly in MOS groups when compared to control group.

This study evaluated the correlation between scrotal circumference (SC), body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) in relation to breeding age in West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks. A total of 320 WAD bucks from birth to 15 months of age from various farms in Ibadan, Nigeria, were studied. They were grouped as A-birth to 3, B-4 to 7, C-8 to 11 and D-12 to 15 months old respectively, comprising of 80 bucks per group. Semen was collected from 10 randomly selected bucks in each group and analysed. Results showed positive correlation between SC and age; SC increased with age; and at about 8 months of age and over, a consistent SC of 17 cm–18 cm was observed. BW also increased with age; BW significantly affected SC. Also, at 8 months of age and over, SC of 17 cm-18 cm was observed from 9 kg BW and above. However, the correlation between SC and BCS was low and not significant. Semen analysis revealed the best semen quality for groups C and D bucks. In conclusion, we suggest that WAD bucks of 8 months and above, with at least SC between 17 cm–18 cm and of over 9 kg BW, could be used to breed does successfully on the farm.

The aim of the study was to define the phenological and phomological properties of some apple cultivars grafted on dwarf rootstocks (M9 and M26) under the ecological conditions of Konya. At this study bud swelling, bud breaking, the beginning of blooming, full blooming and the harvesting dates of the apple varieties of Summer Red, Jersey Mac, Red Chief, Braeburn, Jonagold, Golden Delicious and Fuji were determined. As a result of the study, the full blooming was occurred between 5-19 May. The harvesting dates of the varieties were occurred between 27 July and 13 November. The average weights of the varieties were determined as 97.48 g (Jersey Mac) and 177.96 g (Red Chief). The highest soluble solid content were determined from Golden Delicous as 13.29%. The yield per tree of apple cultivars was determined Summer Red (14.02 kg/tree), Golden Delicious (12.21 kg/tree) and Fuji (11.87 kg/tree) respectively.

Wheat take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici has recently been detected in different regions of Iran. With respect to biocontrol effect of Trichoderma spp. on many pathogenic fungi, seven isolates of Trichoderma and four isolates of Talaromyces were in vitro evaluated in terms of their biological control against the disease causal agent. In dual culture test the five isolates showed efficient competition for colonization against pathogenic fungus and the highest percentages of inhibition belonging to Talaromyces flavus 60 and Talaromyces flavus 136 were 59.52 and 57.61%, respectively. Microscopic investigations showed that in regions where antagonistic isolates and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici coincide, hyphal contact, penetration and fragmentation of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici were observed. Investigating the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds at 10 ml concentration showed that the highest inhibition percentage on mycelium growth of the pathogen caused by T. harzianum (44.76%) and T. longibrachiatum (52.38%) respectively.

The main objective of the study is to determine the structure of seed usage of the wheat farms and development of its production in Isparta and Burdur provinces. The primary data used in this study were obtained by questionnaires in the region. Data obtained from the 150 of wheat cultivation farms belongs to the 2011 production period. The most important problems faced by farms were the low product prices and high input prices. Farmers pointed out that the development of wheat production can be provided by reducing the input costs such as; fertilizer, fuel, pesticide etc. The 97.3% of the wheat growing farms in the region make the seed dressing. About 52.7% of the interviewed enterprises are storing wheat and 74.7% of the farms are aware of the wheat varieties grown. About 52% of farms were found to be the use of certified seed. Certified seed usage rate is higher in the province of Isparta (69.3%) than Burdur. There is also a statistical difference in the use of certified seeds among the provinces. In the region, it was found that farms do not have enough information about the usage of certified seed and therefore it is necessary to transfer knowledge to the grower by the extension services.