The aim of this study is to determine the quality characteristics of kefir by developing different flavours in order to increase its consumption. Plum (10%) and molasses (7.5%) which are rich in phenolic contents are used to produce kefir in different flavours. Chemical analysis (pH, titratable acidity, dry matter and colour), microbial analysis (total microorganism, Lactobacillus spp, Lactococcus spp. and yeast counts), total antioxidant activity (by ORAC method), total amount of phenolic contents and sensorial properties of all kefir samples were carried out at the 1st, 7th and 14th days of storage. Consequently, the results of pH, titratable acidity and dry matter in the kefir samples were determined to change between the values 4.11-4.39; 0.22-0.30 and 11.9-17.02% respectively, during the storage. In the colour analysis, the redness colour parameter of the kefir sample produced using molasses was determined to be higher compared to the other kefir samples. At the first day of storage, the total antioxidant contents of the control group kefir, plum- added kefir and molasses-added kefir samples were determined as 13.30; 16.80 and 17.35 µmol ml-1; and the total phenolic contents as 945.70; 2535.8 and 2357.6 mg ml-1, respectively. Content of total microorganism in kefir samples varied between 8.91-9.80 log kob ml-1during the storage period. Lactobacillus spp. and Lactococcus spp. contents of kefir produced using molasses were determined to have the highest values with 9.11 and 9.91 log kob ml-1, respectively, at the first day. Yeast content of the plum kefir and the molasses kefir samples including sugar was detected to be higher than that of the controlled kefir sample. According to the results of the sensory analysis, the kefir produced with plum was approved the most by the panelists. As a result of this study, two alternative products with quite high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were developed for consumers.

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most widely grown edible legume species in the world. Its acreage is 28.8 million hectares and production is 23.1 million tons. It ranks third among legume crops after chickpea and lentil with acreage of 93.174 hectare and production of 200.000 tons in Turkey. TR71 Region covers the provinces of Kırıkkale, Aksaray, Niğde, Nevşehir and Kırşehir. In this study, current situation of common bean agriculture is discussed. TR71 Region which has 12.6% of cultivation area and 13.8% of production of common bean in Turkey and seed yield is 234 kg da-1 in TR71 region. Niğde which had the first rank in terms of cultivation area and as well as production amount in the common bean, constituted 38.16% of cultivation area and 45.90% production amount. Becoming widespread of common bean cultivation in fallow fields will make great profits to as well as farmers in the region and as well as country's economy in TR71 Region of Turkey which is about 30% of arable land.

This research was conducted to determine grain yield and some quality traits of 18 bread wheat varieties in dry conditions and location in the center of Konya in 2009-2010 growing seasons. Grain yield and some quality characteristics (protein content, zeleny sedimentation, gluten index, alveograph energy value, alveograph P/L, mixograph development time, mixograph peak height, and mixograph softening value and mixograph total area) were examined. According to the results including means ranged between; grain yield 331.85-749.05 kg/da, Protein content 12.62-15.23%, gluten index value of 41.81-98.19%, zeleny sedimentation value 27.00-51.50 ml, alveograph energy 59.70-235.43 10-4 Joules alveograph P/L 0.38 to 1.29, micsograph development time 1.44-4.95 min., mixograph peak height, 42.46-60.67%, mixograph right peak slope 10.13-45.52%, mixograph total area 239.12-322.28% Tq*dak, was found. The experiment has been found significant correlations between traits.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of in ovo DL-methionine injection into the fertile broiler eggs on hatchability and relative chick weight. In the trial, 132 fertile broiler eggs were obtained from a breeder flock (34-wk-old Ross 308 parent stock). Fertile eggs were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. Experimental groups were 1) Control 2) DL-methionine injected group with three replicates. Injections were carried out at the 16th day of incubation. At the end of the study, hatchability was 90.29%, and 84.74% in control and DL-methionine injected eggs respectively. Relative chick weights were 70.04% and 72.70% control and DL-methionine injected group respectively. At the end of the study, it determined that injection of DL-methionine increased 3.8% relative chick weight according to control. It suggested that DL-methionine may use as an in ovo feed additive for obtain heavier chick.

The aim of this study was to determine the main spermatological properties in Carasobarbus luteus (H., 1843) and Carassius carassius (L., 1758) in Atatürk Dam Lake. Sperm was collected by abdominal massage from thirty C. luteus and twenty C. carassius. Milt volume (ml), spermatozoa motility (%), motility duration (s), spermatozoa concentration (x109/ml) and pH in C. luteus and C. carassius were 0.72±0.08 ml and 1.03±0.20 ml, %57.67±3.67 and % 81.00±1.43, 190.30±11.25 s and 107.30±12.03 s, 13.15±1.33 and 10.53±1.28x109/ml, 8.13±0.11 and 7.60±0.04, respectively. The spermatozoa motility, motility duration, spermatozoa concentration and pH was found significant compared with fish species group.

This study was carried out to determine the influence of diets including different levels of protein and supplemented with probiotic-enzyme mixed on performance parameters and eggshell quality in laying quails. Japanese quails (n=120), 10 wk of age, were divided into 6 dietary treatment groups and the experiment lasted for 10 weeks. In each experiment group there were 5 replicates, and in each replicates there were 4 birds. Six diets, arranged a factorial design with three protein levels (16, 18 and 20 (control) %) and two levels of supplemented probiotic-enzyme mixed (0.0 and 1.0 g/kg) were used. Dietary crude protein levels and supplementation of probiotic-enzyme did not effect on the body weight gain, egg mass, feed intake, feed conversion, cracked egg yield, specific gravity and shell strength. However, egg production, eggshell thickness and eggshell weight were significantly increased by the addition of probiotic-enzymes mixed. Egg weight in group containing 18% crude protein was significantly higher than the containing 16% crude protein group. Results of the present study indicated that laying quails should be fed 18% crude protein and 1.0 g/kg of supplemental probiotic-enzyme mixed improved egg production and eggshell quality.

Known as active oxygen Ozone (O3), are among the most effective antimicrobials. The sun's ultraviolet rays and ozone caused by electric arcs of lightning occurring instantly around the world, and is available as a protective shield protects the animals against the effects of the sun's radiation. In the food industry, directly or indirectly in contact with food during processing of foods and chemical treatment of water disinfection bacteriological emerges as an alternative protection method. In this study, the effects of the ozone applications will evaluated as an alternative to conventional disinfectants in food industry.

Microbial population of soil and its structure is affected with chemical and biological changes such as plant-root secretions. Upper layer of the soil is exposed to mixture of stems, fruiting bodies and leaves of trees. Seven trees growing at same area were chosen. Their upper layers of the soil were collected from depth 5-10 cm as samples in spring and autumn. Their microbial populations were investigated in order to determine in terms of climate changes. In order to determine the number of the total microorganisms, gram-negative bacteria and spore-forming bacteria (cfu/g) were used by the serial dilution techniques. As a result, the highest numbers of microorganisms from the soil of the apple tree were determined as the total microbial count in the autumn, although the lowest number of microorganisms was obtained from the soil of the pine tree. However, the number of the gram-negative bacteria was the highest in the soil of linden tree, although the number of gram negative bacteria was the lowest in the soil of apricot, mulberry and apple trees. For spore - forming bacterium, the highest number from the mulberry soil and the lowest number from the linden tree have been obtained. In the spring, the highest numbers of microorganisms from the soil of the apple tree were obtained as the total microbial count, although the lowest number of microorganisms was obtained from the soil of the apricot tree. For the number of the gram-negative bacteria was the highest in the soil of walnut tree, although the number of gram negative bacteria was the lowest in the soil of apricot trees. However spore - forming bacterium, the highest number from the soil of the poplar tree and the lowest number from the mulberry tree have been obtained. In general, the rich diversity of the microbial population was shown morphologically in autumn.

One of the most industrialized animal production branches of ruminant production successfully requires a blending of theoretical knowledge of nutritional principles with practical stockmanship, maintaining health and dealing with numbers. It is well known that high yielding, dairy cows, require balanced diet with adequate nutrients for yielding. This is not provided with only a few feedstuffs. Milk production in dairy cows is related to the improvements in genetic merit of farm animals and also developments in feed science, feed technology and animal nutrition. In particular, feeds and feed technology studies associated with sustainability, economical perspectives and product quality in the last decade have been in advance. In the present work, recent advances in feed sources and feed technology, minerals (macro and trace minerals ), vitamins and amino acids, feed additives (antibiotics alternative growth stimulants, rumen modulator, organic acids, antioxidants, enzymes, plant extracts), nutrition-products (meat-milk-progeny) quality and functional food production (milk, meat) nutrition-reproduction, nutrition-animal health, nutrition-environmental temperature, nutrition-global warming were evaluated.

This study was carried out to reveal the present status of goat farms in Nigde, to detect basic priority problems and to offer some solutions to these problems. For this purpose, a survey was conducted to the goat breeders face to face in randomly selected total 38 goat farms.The survey questions; goat farms and growing core business activities of enterprises that reveals the overall structure, and also the level of satisfaction with the priority issues of breeders are designed to measure. Analyze the results was shown that a large portion of goat breeders (85.0%) were primary school graduates, 5.3%secondery school and also 5.3% high school graduates, goat farms have whole hair goat breed. Goat enterprises have rate of 44.7%, more than 500 goat, 92.1% of goat enterprises go out to highlands, also provided 73.7% of the shepherd's family. In addition, operating revenues were determined come from 50% of goat's milk. Goat breeders were evaluated only 39.5% the form of cheese production, as 60.5% of the cheese, butter, yogurt, and the sale of raw milk of the total milk yield. All business was assessed that owners a profitable goat farming as an occupation and the first five main problems were member alliance, ownership sufficient technical knowledge, serving the technical staff, buck mating and breeding presses, goat shelter, respectively. In addition, it was seen that according to Likert scale, at least the first five issues were satisfied that such as feed, labor, and electricity inputs, product marketing price, sold animals the price, market opportunities related to the sale of manufactured products and finacial supply, respectively. As a result, it could be said that the most important problem for goat enterprises in Nigde province is high production costs and low product prices.