As alt as necessidades hídricas na bataticultura, associada a elevados custos de produção, altos riscos característicos da atividade e perspectiva de retorno financeiro compensador fazem com que a irrigação seja prática indispensável para a obtenção de produtividade. Objetivou-se realizar uma análise da produtividade da água no cultivo irrigado de batata. Os dados foram levantados em áreas de cultivo comercial localizada na região da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Para a determinação da produtividade física da água, utilizaram-se dados de produtividade da cultura, do volume de água proveniente da precipitação adicionado ao aplicado por irrigação e da evapotranspiração da cultura nas safras 2013/2014 e 2015. A produtividade física média da água para a cultura da batata irrigada por pivô central, na região da Chapada Diamantina, BA foi de 7,22 kg m-3 (safra 2013/2014) e 9,12 kg m-3 (safra 2015). A produtividade econômica da água teve um incremento de produtividade da primeira para segunda safra, no entanto, ocorreram mais perdas de água na segunda do que na primeira, o que indica uma necessidade de manejo de irrigação adequado para um maior ganho econômico. Water productivity in potato grown in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia Abstract: High water requirements in bataticulture (potato crop), associated with high production costs, high risks characteristic of the activity and prospect of a compensating financial return make irrigation an indispensable practice for the attainment of productivity. The objective of this study was to conduct a water productivity analysis in irrigated potato cultivation. The data was collected in areas of commercial cultivation located in the region of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. For the determination of the physical productivity of the water, crop productivity, water volume from the precipitation added to the irrigation applied and crop evapotranspiration were used for the 2013/2014 and 2015 harvests. The average physical productivity of water for The cultivation of potato irrigated by central pivot in the Chapada Diamantina, BA region was 7.22 kg m-3 (crop year 2013/2014) and 9.12 kg m-3 (crop 2015). The economic productivity of water had an increase in productivity from the first to the second harvest, however, there were more water losses in the second one than in the first one, which indicates a need for adequate irrigation management for a greater economic gain.

As altas necessidades hídricas na bataticultura, associada a elevados custos de produção, altos riscos característicos da atividade e perspectiva de retorno financeiro compensador fazem com que a irrigação seja prática indispensável para a obtenção de produtividade. Objetivou-se realizar uma análise da produtividade da água no cultivo irrigado de batata. Os dados foram levantados em áreas de cultivo comercial localizada na região da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Para a determinação da produtividade física da água, utilizaram-se dados de produtividade da cultura, do volume de água proveniente da precipitação adicionado ao aplicado por irrigação e da evapotranspiração da cultura nas safras 2013/2014 e 2015. A produtividade física média da água para a cultura da batata irrigada por pivô central, na região da Chapada Diamantina, BA foi de 7,22 kg m-3 (safra 2013/2014) e 9,12 kg m-3 (safra 2015). A produtividade econômica da água teve um incremento de produtividade da primeira para segunda safra, no entanto, ocorreram mais perdas de água na segunda do que na primeira, o que indica uma necessidade de manejo de irrigação adequado para um maior ganho econômico.Water productivity in potato grown in Chapada Diamantina, BahiaAbstract: High water requirements in bataticulture (potato crop), associated with high production costs, high risks characteristic of the activity and prospect of a compensating financial return make irrigation an indispensable practice for the attainment of productivity. The objective of this study was to conduct a water productivity analysis in irrigated potato cultivation. The data was collected in areas of commercial cultivation located in the region of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. For the determination of the physical productivity of the water, crop productivity, water volume from the precipitation added to the irrigation applied and crop evapotranspiration were used for the 2013/2014 and 2015 harvests. The average physical productivity of water for The cultivation of potato irrigated by central pivot in the Chapada Diamantina, BA region was 7.22 kg m-3 (crop year 2013/2014) and 9.12 kg m-3 (crop 2015). The economic productivity of water had an increase in productivity from the first to the second harvest, however, there were more water losses in the second one than in the first one, which indicates a need for adequate irrigation management for a greater economic gain.

Como consecuencia de las actividades de producción de petróleo se obtienen aguas residuales con hidrocarburos y metales pesados. El objetivo fue evaluar la respuesta de las plantas de tomate a la aplicación diaria de benceno, diésel y gasolina, en concentraciones de 15 mg y 30 mg L−1 . Se evaluó el efecto en la conductividad eléctrica (CE) y pH en los lixiviados del riego; en las variables morfológicas la composición mineral de planta y fruto, y la calidad del fruto. El pH de los lixiviados disminuyó con la aplicación de benceno y gasolina con 15 mg L−1 , en contraste la CE aumentó con la aplicación de diésel y benceno con 15 mg L−1 y gasolina con 30 mg L−1 . El tratamiento con diésel de 30 mg L−1 causó la muerte del 55 % de las plantas. La aplicación de benceno, diésel y gasolina no tuvo efecto signicativo en las variables morfológicas, favoreciendo la acumulación de minerales en planta y modicando la distribución de los minerales en los diferentes órganos de la planta. En los frutos no se observó cambios en el pH y potencial de óxido reducción, mientras que el contenido de sólidos solubles totales disminuyó con gasolina a 30 mg L−1 y la CE aumentó con el benceno y el diésel a 15 mg L−1 y la gasolina a 30 mg L−1

Resumen: Como consecuencia de las actividades de producción de petróleo se obtienen aguas residuales con hidrocarburos y metales pesados. El objetivo fue evaluar la respuesta de las plantas de tomate a la aplicación diaria de benceno, diésel y gasolina, en concentraciones de 15 mg y 30 mg L-1. Se evaluó el efecto en la conductividad eléctrica (CE) y pH en los lixiviados del riego; en las variables morfológicas la composición mineral de planta y fruto, y la calidad del fruto. El pH de los lixiviados disminuyó con la aplicación de benceno y gasolina con 15 mg L-1, en contraste la CE aumentó con la aplicación de diésel y benceno con 15 mg L-1 y gasolina con 30 mg L-1. El tratamiento con diésel de 30 mg L-1 causó la muerte del 55 % de las plantas. La aplicación de benceno, diésel y gasolina no tuvo efecto significativo en las variables morfológicas, favoreciendo la acumulación de minerales en planta y modificando la distribución de los minerales en los diferentes órganos de la planta. En los frutos no se observó cambios en el pH y potencial de óxido reducción, mientras que el contenido de sólidos solubles totales disminuyó con gasolina a 30 mg L-1 y la CE aumentó con el benceno y el diésel a 15 mg L-1 y la gasolina a 30 mg L-1.

Despite the key role of water in livestock growth and reproduction, there is little information on water quality for Mexicos beef cattle ranches. The objective of this study was to evaluate drinking water quality for beef cattle in the cow-calf operation through calculation of a water quality index (WQI) that relates water physical-chemical composition with common cattle drinking water sources. The study was conducted in 25 cattle ranches of the cow-calf system in seven municipalities of Chihuahua, Mexico. In all cattle ranches, water samples were collected from the main water sources, and physical and chemical parameters were analyzed. Statistical analyses were done through Kruskal-Wallis test, considering water sources (WS) as a source of variation. The WQI was calculated considering the parameters closely related to animal health and productivity and following standard procedures. Most parameters showed high variation among WS. The only parameters inuenced by WS were pH, As (p < 0.05) and Co (p < 0.01). The parameters that surpassed the optimum level for cattle drinking were turbidity for all WS and Mn for earthen tank and spring/river water. Groundwater showed the best quality with a 50.34 WQI, corresponding to good class. Earthen tank water also corresponded to good class with a 98.8 WQI, while spring/river water was classied as poor water for cattle with a 114.47 WQI

ABSTRACT: Despite the key role of water in livestock growth and reproduction, there is little information on water quality for Mexico´s beef cattle ranches. The objective of this study was to evaluate drinking water quality for beef cattle in the cow-calf operation through calculation of a water quality index (WQI) that relates water physical-chemical composition with common cattle drinking water sources. The study was conducted in 25 cattle ranches of the cow-calf system in seven municipalities of Chihuahua, Mexico. In all cattle ranches, water samples were collected from the main water sources, and physical and chemical parameters were analyzed. Statistical analyses were done through Kruskal-Wallis test, considering water sources (WS) as a source of variation. The WQI was calculated considering the parameters closely related to animal health and productivity and following standard procedures. Most parameters showed high variation among WS. The only parameters influenced by WS were pH, As (p < 0.05) and Co (p < 0.01). The parameters that surpassed the optimum level for cattle drinking were turbidity for all WS and Mn for earthen tank and spring/river water. Groundwater showed the best quality with a 50.34 WQI, corresponding to good class. Earthen tank water also corresponded to good class with a 98.8 WQI, while spring/river water was classified as poor water for cattle with a 114.47 WQI.