胚芽作为谷物籽粒的重要组成部分，含有丰富的营养组分。为了对谷物胚芽产品开发和技术优化提供参考，综述了谷物胚芽中脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质等营养组分的构成及生理功能，对谷物胚芽精准加工技术进行了概述，指出了现今谷物胚芽产品开发存在的问题并提出了建议。谷物胚芽的稳定化处理、谷物胚芽油的提取、活性肽的制备及γ-氨基丁酸的富集等技术成为谷物胚芽研究领域的新热点。还需加大谷物胚芽活性组分应用的研究力度，进一步向功能性食品、医药等领域探索，使产品开发多元化，从而扩大谷物胚芽的应用范围，产生较好的社会效益及经济效益。 As the most important component part of cereal grain, the cereal germ is rich in nutritional components. In order to provide a reference for product development and technical optimization of cereal germ,the composition and physiological function of nutritional components in cereal germ were reviewed, including fat, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The precision processing technology of cereal germ was summarized. The problems existing in the development of cereal germ products were pointed out and some suggestions were put forward. The stabilization of cereal germ, the extraction of cereal germ oil, the preparation of active peptides and the enrichment of γ-aminobutyric acid have become new hot spots in the field of cereal germ research. It is necessary to increase the research on the application of the active components of cereal germ and further explore the functional food and pharmaceutical fields, so as to diversify the product development and expand the scope of application of cereal germ and generate better social and economic benefits.

随着人民日益增长的美好生活需要和科学技术的快速发展，我国食品行业，尤其是大豆蛋白加工产业的发展登上了新的台阶。为更好地引导大豆蛋白加工产业的健康可持续发展，对大豆蛋白加工产业的现状及发展趋势进行综述。从原料、产业链、加工企业及市场需求等4个方面，介绍了我国大豆蛋白原料供需、加工企业规模、产品结构等方面情况，分析了大豆蛋白产业亟须解决的问题及发展趋势。国产非转基因大豆在大豆蛋白加工产业中存在竞争优势，提高我国非转基因大豆的自给能力，研发高附加值的大豆蛋白产品，有利于形成与进口大豆错位竞争、相互补充的格局，从而促进我国大豆蛋白产业长期高质量发展。With the increasing needs of the Chinese people for a better life and the rapid development of science and technology, the development of Chinese food industry, especially the soybean protein processing industry, has reached a new level. In order to better guide the healthy and sustainable development of the soybean protein processing industry, the current situation and development trend of the soybean protein processing industry were reviewed. The supply and demand of soybean protein raw materials, the scale of processing enterprises, and product structure in China were introduced from four aspects: raw materials, industrial chain, processing enterprises, and market demand. The development trend, and urgent difficulties that need to be solved of the soybean protein industry were analyzed. The domestic non-transgenic soybeans has competitive advantages in the soybean protein processing industry. Improving the self-sufficiency of non-transgenic soybean in China and developing high value-added soybean protein products are conducive to form a pattern of dislocation competition and mutual supplementation with imported soybeans, so as to promote the long-term high-quality development of Chinese soybean protein industry.

为了实现类可可脂在巧克力中更为高效的应用，降低其对产品品质的影响，综述了类可可脂原料油中低熔点甘油三酯的组成与熔化性质，概括了不同种类甘油三酯对巧克力霜变行为的作用特征；进一步讨论了控制低熔点甘油三酯含量的技术方法，包括基因工程和分提；最后，总结了经分提获得的低熔点成分的再利用。类可可脂原料油中低熔点甘油三酯可能对巧克力的制造（尤其是调温）和质量控制（如软化、起霜等）产生不利影响。通过分提选择性降低低熔点甘油三酯含量是制备高品质类可可脂的优选路径。In order to achieve a more efficient application of cocoa butter equivalent in chocolate and to reduce their impact on product quality, the composition and melting properties of low-melting triglycerides in cocoa butter equivalent raw oils were reviewed, and the effects of different types of triglycerides on the frosting behavior of chocolate were summarized. The technological methods for controlling the content of low-melting triglycerides were further discussed, including genetic engineering and fractionation, and the reuse of low-melting triglycerides obtained by fractionation was summarized. Low-melting triglycerides in cocoa butter equivalent raw oils may have negative effects on chocolate manufacture (especially tempering) and quality control (softening, and blooming, etc). Reducing the content of low-melting triglycerides by fractionation is the best way to prepare high quality cocoa butter equivalent.

据统计，2020年我国芝麻进口量达到历史高位，为101.61万 t，全国芝麻消费量保持增长态势，但在市场对芝麻的需求量扩大、市场前景广阔的背景下,广西芝麻的种植面积不增反降。为发挥广西芝麻种植优势，实现广西芝麻产业的高质量发展，详细论述了广西芝麻产业发展现状，分析了广西芝麻产业发展中存在的问题，并提出了发展对策。目前广西芝麻产业种植规模趋于稳定、种植品种类型多样、种植效益稳中有升、龙头企业引领市场,但仍然存在高产稳产品种不足,机械化生产能力薄弱,加工技术发展缓慢,产品销售渠道狭窄等问题。可通过加强良种技术攻关，提升器械应用水平，提高加工技术投入，拓宽产业市场渠道等对策，推动广西芝麻产业健康发展。 According to statistics，the import volume of sesame in China reached a historical high in 2020, with 1 016 100 t, and the national sesame consumption maintained a growth trend, but in the context of expanding market demand for sesame seeds and broad market prospects, the planting area of sesame in Guangxi decreased rather than increased. In order to give full play to the advantages of Guangxi′ sesame planting and realize the high-quality development of Guangxi′ sesame industry, the development status of Guangxi′ sesame industry was discussed in detail, the problems existing in the development of Guangxi′ sesame industry were analyzed, and countermeasures for development of Guangxi′ sesame industry were proposed. At present, the planting scale of Guangxi′ sesame industry tends to be stable, the types of planting varieties are diversified, the planting benefits are steadily rising, and leading enterprises lead the market, but there are still problems such as insufficient high-yielding and stable-yielding varieties, weak mechanized production capacity, slow development of processing technology, and narrow product sales channels. The healthy development of Guangxi′ sesame industry can be promoted by strengthening the technical research of improved variery, improving the application level of instruments,improving the investment in processing technology and broadening the market channels of the industry.

在我国所有油料作物中核桃的产量位居第五，在木本油料作物中核桃的产量位居首位，因此核桃油潜在产量较大。为促进我国核桃油产业发展壮大，提升我国食用植物油自给率，阐述了我国核桃油产业创新发展的机遇、面临的挑战和实现路径。虽然当前健康消费需求增长、国家政策支持和产业联盟建设为我国核桃油产业带来新的发展机遇，但其创新发展也面临着消费潜力到有效需求转变、技术创新到落地应用推广、生产潜能到现实产品转化等挑战。结合面临的机遇和挑战，提出“加工企业+各级政府+协会、联盟+高校、科研机构+媒体平台”的核桃油产业创新发展路径。Because the yield of walnuts ranks fifth among oilseed crops and first among woody oilseed crops,the potential output of walnut oil is relatively large in China. In order to promote the development of walnut oil industry and improve the self-sufficiency rate of edible vegetable oil in China, the opportunities, challenge and implementation paths for innovation-driven development of walnut oil in China were described. Although the current growth of healthy consumption demand, national policy support and the construction of industrial alliance have brought new development opportunities for China′s walnut oil industry, its innovation-driven development also faces challenges, such as the transformation of consumption potential to effective demand, technological innovation to landing application and promotion, and the transformation of production potential to real products. Combined with the opportunities and challenges faced, a innovation-driven development path of walnut oil industry was proposed, which is "processing enterprises+governments at all levels+associations and alliances+universities and research institutes+media platform".

为提高植物来源神经酸的产量和促进神经酸产品的研究开发及利用，从神经酸的植物来源、生理功效、提取及纯化工艺以及检测方法4个方面进行综述。植物中神经酸来源以木本植物居多；神经酸具有控制心血管疾病、改善血糖、改善大脑功能、修复中枢神经系统损伤、提高免疫力、抑制肿瘤细胞生长等生理功效；常采用低温结晶、金属盐沉淀、尿素包合、分子蒸馏等方法对神经酸进行提取纯化，采用气相色谱和高效液相色谱等检测方法检测神经酸含量。In order to increase the production of plant-derived nervonic acid (NA) and promote the research development and utilization of NA products, the plant source, physiological efficacy, extraction and purification process, and detection methods of NA were reviewed. Woody plants are the main source of NA in plants. NA has physiological efficacies such as controlling cardiovascular diseases, improving glucose, improving brain function, repairing central nervous system damage, enhancing immunity, and inhibiting tumor cell growth. The extraction and purification of NA is usually carried out by low temperature crystallization, metal salt precipitation, urea inclusion and molecular distillation. The NA content is detected by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography,etc..

油料安全事关国计民生，保障油料有效供给是我国必须坚守的国家粮食安全底线。站在全球视角，对2011/2012—2020/2021年度我国油料供需形势、生产形势及市场形势进行分析，明确我国油料产业在生产、加工、贸易等方面面临的挑战，并针对性地提出了统一科学谋划与增强政策扶持精准度相结合，强化科技支撑与耕地资源保护相结合，提高农户油料种植收益与增强自然灾害抵御能力相结合，坚持大宗油料品牌建设与特色油料资源开发相结合，稳定当前农业合作伙伴关系与扩宽油料进口来源相结合，实施差异化市场监管与引导居民科学消费相结合等发展对策，以期为促进油料生产、保障植物油有效供给、降低植物油对外依存度，维护国家粮油安全提供参考。 Oilseed security is related to national economy and people′s livelihood, and ensuring the effective supply of oilseeds is the bottom line of national food security that China must adhere to. From a global perspective, the supply and demand situation, production situation and market situation of oilseeds in China for the period of 2011/2012-2020/2021 were analyzed, further the challenges faced by China′s oilseed industry in terms of production, processing and trade were clarified, and six development countermeasures ,including the combination of unifying scientific planning and enhancing the accuracy of policy support, the combination of strengthening scientific and technological support and protecting arable land resources, the combination of improving farmers′ income from oilseed planting and enhancing natural disaster resistance, the combination of insisting on the brand building of bulk oilseed and developing characteristic oilseed resource, the combination of stabilizing the current agricultural industry cooperative partnership and expanding sources of oilseed imports, and the combination of implementing differentiated market supervision and guiding residents′ scientific consumption,were put forward, in order to provide a reference for promoting oilseed production, ensuring effective supply of vegetable oil, reducing external dependence of vegetable oil and maintaining national food and oil security.

为开发一种能提高初榨橄榄油(VOO)得率、对品质无不利影响且适用于工业化生产的新工艺，以甘肃陇南产区莱星、鄂植8号品种油橄榄鲜果为原料，采用高压脉冲电场(PEF)处理辅助传统工艺提取VOO,通过与传统提取工艺比较，研究PEF处理对VOO得率、理化性质、总多酚含量和脂肪酸组成及相对含量的影响。结果表明：与传统提取工艺相比，采用PEF处理VOO得率平均增幅为15.38%，果渣含油率平均降幅为22.28%，对VOO的色泽、酸值、过氧化值、总多酚含量和脂肪酸组成及相对含量等总体无显著性影响。研究认为，在VOO传统提取工艺的基础上，鲜果破碎之后增加PEF处理环节，可显著提高VOO得率，而且对VOO品质无不利影响，该技术在VOO工业化生产中有良好的应用潜力。 In order to develop a new technique which can improve the yield of virgin olive oil (VOO), while has no negative impact on the oil quality and is suitable for industrial production, high voltage pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment assisting traditional process was used to extract VOO from Leccino and Ezhi 8 olive fruits in Longnan, Gansu province. The effects of PEF treatment on VOO yield, physicochemical properties, total polyphenol content, fatty acid composition and relative content were studied by comparing with the traditional extraction process. The results showed that compared with the traditional extraction process, the average increase of VOO yield by PEF treatment was 15.38%, the average decrease of oil content in pomace was 22.28%, and the color, acid value, peroxide value, total polyphenol content, fatty acid composition and relative content of VOO had no significant effect overall. It is considered that, on the basis of traditional extraction technology, adding PEF treatment after crushing fresh fruit can significantly improve the VOO yield, and it has no negative effect on oil quality. The PEF processing has potential application value in the industrial production of VOO.

我国是油料进口与消费大国，油料自给率低、严重依赖进口。当前地缘政治矛盾的加剧与贸易政策的不确定性令国际农产品市场出现动荡，我国油料贸易面临着错综复杂的国际环境。在油料进口量持续增加、对外依存度不断提高的背景下，分析目前我国油料进口贸易的总量特征，以及以大豆、油菜籽、花生为代表的大宗油料和以芝麻、葵花籽、亚麻籽为代表的特色油料的产品结构特征与国别特征，并进一步对大宗油料商品和特色油料商品的进口贸易特征及未来发展趋势作出判断。针对当前我国油料供给面临的国内外约束与风险，应大幅提升油料增产保供能力，积极拓展油料进口渠道，减少对贸易争端国的进口依存度，建立和完善油料安全预警系统与应急机制，从而促进我国油料产业的高质量发展，保障油料安全。China is a big importer and consumer of oilseeds, but the self-sufficiency rate of oilseeds is low and relies heavily on imports. At present, the aggravation of the geopolitical contradictions and the uncertainty of the trade policy make the international agricultural products market turbulent, and the oilseeds trade of China is facing a complex international environment. Under the background of increasing oilseeds import volume and increasing dependence on foreign countries, the characteristics of total volume of oilseeds import trade at present, the product structure characteristics and country characteristics of bulk oilseeds represented by soybean, rapeseed and peanut, and characteristic oilseeds represented by sesame, sunflower seed and flaxseed were analyzed. Furthermore, the import trade characteristics and future development trend of bulk oilseeds and characteristic oilseeds were judged respectively. In view of the current domestic and foreign constraints and risks of oilseeds supply, we should greatly improve the capacity of oilseeds production increase and supply assurance, actively expand oilseeds import channels, reduce the dependence on imports from countries with trade disputes, establish and perfect oilseeds safety early warning system and emergency mechanism, so as to promote the high-quality development of oilseeds industry and ensure oilseeds safety.

2016年，食物领域出现的重要进展可能对各个国家和地区的食物安全与营养状 况产生深远影响。本报告将研究非洲、中东、北非、中亚、南亚、东亚、拉美和加勒 比海等主要地区在粮食政策方面的进展、城市化趋势，以及这些趋势对食物安全 与营养状况的影响。以下章节将探究不同地区的情况，包括： ■■ 非洲地区合作与投资增长，如何在气候变化和商品价格走低的情况下加强食 物安全 ■■ 中东北非地区持续的冲突、某些国家的政策改革需求以及较低的油价 ■■ 中亚如何推广农业多样性，加强区域一体化，增强经济恢复力 ■■ 南亚的增长迅速，针对农业出台新政策，展开新投资 ■■ 东亚的城市化、饮食结构变化与地区增长 ■■ 拉美及加勒比海主要经济体的衰退和厄尔尼诺现象对该地区未来的影响 | PR | IFPRI1 | DGO; CPA; WCAO; DSGD; SAO; PHND; LAC