Six Bt cotton hybrids viz., RCH 134 Bt, RCH 317 Bt, MRC 6301 Bt, MRC 6304 Bt, Ankur 651 Bt and Ankur 2534 Bt were field evaluated against diseases during Kharif 2004 and 2005. All the Bt cotton hybrids were found significantly superior than non- Bt variety, F 846 (control) in reducing diseases like cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), bacterial blight (BB) and fungal foliar leaf spots (FFLS). However, the parawilt and Tirak incidence was noticed only in Bt hybrids. MRC 6304 Bt remained free from diseases. The disease indices of CLCuV (2.7%) on RCH 134 Bt and BB (2.4%) on RCH 317 Bt were significantly higher than others hybrids. Disease indices (0.2-2.8%) of FFLS were also recorded in Bt hybrids. The Parawilt incidences were maximum in Ankur 2534 Bt (2.6%) and Ankur 651 Bt (2.8%) during 2004 and 2005, respectively. Tirak has also shown occurrence (0.1-1.0% incidence) on Bt hybrids in the end of the season 2005.

The efficacy of the seed _ dressing fungicide Maxim XL 035 FS (Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl_M) was evaluated at the Gezira Research Station Farm against the seedlings diseases of cotton. The standard treatment, Raxil 2 WS and the untreated control were included for comparison. All fungicidal seed treatments significantly improved crop stand and seed cotton yield over the untreated control, apparently due to substantial reductions in seedbed losses. The seed cotton yields of all tested rates of Maxim were comparable to that of the standard treatment, Raxil 2 WS

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. on cotton varieties which grown under Diyarbakır conditions, relationship among to disease and seed cotton yield, lint yield and fiber technological properties and also to provide to be located those cotton varieties, which determined as tolerant or resistant in region cotton production system. According to the results it was determined that with regards to leaves diseases index, stem disease index and stem disease rate, the most tolerant varieties were GW-Teks, Golda and Carmen while the most sensitive varieties were Maraş 92 and Sayar 314. The other varieties were moderate tolerant. Highest seed cotton yield and lint yield were obtained from Deltaopal, Stoneville 453 and Maraş 92, this results showed that some sensitive varieties gave high yield the reason of this situation is important of time to catch disease. The results of this study showed that crop rotation causes decreasing in wilt diseases and diseases rate and with growing cotton varieties in that area it can obtain higher yielding and beter guality cotton and lint. By this way it can be provided lint of the textile industry requirements. | Bu çalışma Diyarbakır koşullarında yetiştirilebilecek pamuk çeşitlerinin solgunluk hastalığı (Verticillium dahliae Kleb) etmenine karşı reaksiyonlarını belirlemek, hastalık ile pamuk verimi ve lif teknolojik özellikler arasındaki ilişkileri saptayabilmek, dayanıklı ve tolerant olarak belirlenen pamuk çeşitlerinin pamuk üretim sistemi içerisinde yer almalarını sağlayabilmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Yaprak hastalık indeksi, gövde kesiti hastalık indeksi ve gövde kesiti hastalık oranı yönünden en tolerant çeşitlerin Teks, Golda ve Carmen, en duyarlı çeşitlerin ise Maraş 92 ve Sayar 314 oldukları, denemede yer alan diğer çeşitlerin ise orta derecede tolerant oldukları gözlemlenmiştir. Çeşitler arasında en yüksek kütlü pamuk verimi ve lif verimi Deltaopal, Stoneville 453 ve Maraş 92 çeşitlerinden elde edilmiş olup, hastalığa duyarlı olarak belirlenen çeşitlerin verim düzeylerinin yüksek olması çeşitlerin hastalığa yakalanma zamanlarının önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Ekim nöbetinin uygulanması ile solgunluk hastalık indeksi ve hastalık oranının azaltılması ile birlikte, hastalığın etkisinden kaynaklanan verim ve lif kalitesindeki ekonomik kayıpların azaltılarak, tekstil sanayinin arzu ettiği lif kalitesi ve iplik olabilirlik değerleri yüksek liflerin elde edilebileceği söylenebilir.

Cotton accounts for nearly 40% of global fiber production. While approximately 80 countries worldwide produce cotton, the U.S., China, and India together provide over half the world's cotton. High cotton production is accompanied by generation of tons of cotton waste each year. Large amounts of residue from the field and gins results in not only environmental problems due to disposal issues and cotton diseases and pests, but also difficulties in cultivation due to slow decomposition in the soil. Development of economical and efficient methods for utilizing and/or disposing of cotton waste have been investigated for years, but scale-up and marketing issues need to be resolved. Cotton waste can be used as an energy source through briquetting, pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion. Studies suggest that composition of cotton waste is similar to other lignocellulosic feedstocks, and it has the potential to be used for bioethanol production. However, proper pretreatment strategies need to be developed to reduce lignin (comprising approximately 30%). Cotton waste can also be processed into industrial products such as animal feed and bedding, soil amendment, and substrate for vegetative growth through various treatments. Enzyme production through utilization of cotton waste as a carbon source is another potential application. A review of the various conversion processes suggests that although cotton waste is suitable for the production of a variety of products, in-depth investigation at the pilot scale is essential to determine process efficacy and economic feasibility.

Two new mixtures of already recommended pesticides, imidacloprid and tebuconazole (Imidal 70 WS + Defender 2% WS and Gaucho 600 FS + Raxil 120 FS) were evaluated against flea beetles and pre- and post- emergence diseases in season 2007/08 at Gezira Research Station Farm and Crop Protection Research Center laboratories. The mixtures were evaluated in the two commercial cotton cvs, Barac (67) B and Barakat 90. The reductions in flea beetles damage and seed _ bed losses due to the two new mixtures were comparable to those of their counterpart; Gaucho 70 WS + Raxil 2 WS gave comparable control of disease and flea beetles as well as seed cotton yield to the counterpart. The seed cotton yield of both cotton cvs obtained by the new mixtures was either significantly higher or comparable to that of the counterpart

When cotton breeding programmes were first set up in French-speaking Africa in 1946, breeders were already taking the needs of different cotton stakeholders into account. The main breeding targets were productivity, resistance to pests and major cotton diseases, ginning outturn and fibre quality. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how breeding has enhanced the performance of African cotton subsectors through presentation of results and experimental data from multilocation trials. Briefly, breeders have focused on Gossypium hirsutum cultivars, thus giving rise to plants with a relatively long growth cycle, that are vegetative and very floriferous, with delayed boll ripening (facilitating manual harvest), with a capacity to adapt to biotic and abiotic stress conditions, and with resistance to bacteriosis. Substantial gains were achieved in terms of productivity, ginning outturn and fibre quality (length, tenacity, fineness, and colorimetry). More than 90 cotton cultivars have been bred and released over a 60-year period. Genetic progress has, however, been limited in the last decade and African breeders will have to adopt new technologies to achieve further improvement in important traits. (Résumé d'auteur)

Cotton bacterial blight is one of the most important diseases of cotton in many cotton growing areas of the world. The symptoms of this disease may appear during the whole growth stage of the plant. Use of resistance cultivars is the main control measure against this disease to study the response of common commercial cultivars of cotton a experiment was carried out in 2005 as CRD in greenhouse condition of cotton Research Institute, Gorgan with 10 treatments and 4 replication. The treatments were Sahel, Varamin, Bakhtegan, Mehr, Tabladila, Crema, Nazily, No.200, Sepid (Siokra) and Khordad (Sindose) cultivars. The seeds of mentioned cultivars disinfected to 10% chlorax solution and sowed in pots containing sterile soil. The bacterial suspension in 106 cfu was inoculated to the cotyledons of emerged plants. Evaluation of disease progress based on concern index was started one week after treatment and continued to about one month later. The results revealed that the Sepid (Siokra) was resistance and other cultivars were susceptible to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum.

Tajikistan is an agrarian-industrial republic; the territory of agricultural fields is about 901.1 thousand ha, including about 399 thousand ha used for main culture - cotton. The irrigated fields are used intensively; two harvests of crops and vegetables per year, 5-8 harvests of lucerne is a common practice; also the sub-covering and combined cultures. In Tajikistan, development of agriculture and, first of all, cotton-growing, is closely connected with use of pesticides for combating agricultural pests, plant diseases and weeds. Agro-climatic conditions of the republic are favorable for quick reproduction and development of many agricultural pests. Besides, the high level of various plant diseases is registered. Agricultural crops are affected by weeds, especially in irrigated zones, where large number of seeds are coming in with irrigation water. It was determined, that potential losses of harvest by low efficiency of protective maesures are near 30 percent.

This study presents a methodology for designing and implementing a database system for plant pathology in Sudan. Which has been designed using Structured Query Language (SQL) server for database and Visual Basic 6 for interface (VB6). This crops diseases, and symptoms, causal organism and control methodology. The most important diseases that cause yield losses was bacterial blight in cotton, rust in wheat and zucchini yellow mosaic virus in shammam. Beneficial economic and environmental impacts have been demonstrated