'Zorka' is a new apple (Malus) cultivar of Belarusian breeding of universal purpose. It has been gotten from 'Antei' and 'Liberty' cultivars crossing. The cultivar is fast fruiting one. It starts fruiting on the 3rd year after planting in the orchard on the 62-396 rootstock. It gives high yield (33,0 tons per hectare yield was gotten on the 7th year after planting), it is winter hardy and resistant to apple scab and bark and wood disease complex. It has high fruit quality and nice appearance. Optimal consumption period is within 5 months from November to March under fruits storing in fruit storehouse with natural freezing. 'Zorka' apple cultivar was transferred to the State cultivar trial of the Republic of Belarus in 2011.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented study results of 'Pinova' and 'Otava' apple (Malus) cultivars efficiency use as sources of resistance to powdery mildew. The hybridological analysis showed the most promising cross combinations. The output of highly resistant and resistant to powdery mildew apple seedlings were obtained: 'Pinova' x 2003-8/35 – 98 %, 'Pinova' x 2000-7/24 – 100 %, 'Otava' x 2004-61/47 – 90 %, 'Pinova' x 2003-9/42 – 100 %. The character of inheritance by descendants varied from intermediate to negative over dominance of the studied sign. There was indicated predomination in the hybrid populations of seedlings with bigger (10-86 %) resistance to the pathogen P. leucotricha, than in parent components. As the result the donor properties of 'Pinova' and 'Otava' cultivars in breeding for resistance to powdery mildew were confirmed.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented long-term scientific data of field experiments to study the effect of fertilizers and varieties of sod-podzolic soils under irrigation in the biochemical composition of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea convar. capitata var. alba L.). There were determined the optimal doses of organic and mineral fertilizers under irrigation conditions, there were revealed the best varieties of sod-podzolic soil which made it possible to obtain products of cabbage according to the requirements of standard biochemical parameters. There were developed the optimal and rational doses, combinations and ratios of manure, nitrogen, phosphorous and potash fertilizers in conditions of irrigation (30 t / ha manure + N120P90K120) for cabbage crops. The developed fertilizer system of a specialized vegetable crop rotation provided the highest rates of dry matter content - 9,3-9,4% and 4.6-5.0% of the amount of sugars in the cabbage heads. It was established that creation of optimally balanced conditions for balanced mineral nutrition in irrigation cabbage on different varieties of sod-podzolic soil made it possible to improve the quality of products: especially on sandy soils of the content of ascorbic acid increased by 41-76% compared with its content of 24,28-29,23 mg% by doses of fertilizers on loamy soil.

The monograph researches viral and phytoplasmic diseases of fruit and berry cultivars in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Classification, harmfulness and general characteristics of viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas affecting fruit and berry crops in Belarus are suggested. Characteristics of viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas of fruit and berry crops are presented; extension of pathogenic viruses of fruit and berry crops is analyzed. Different types of diagnosis of viral diseases of fruit and berry crops (visual diagnostics, diagnostics on indicator plants, testing with the help of method of grafting of indicator plants, herbaceous indicators testing, immunoenzymometric testing of viral diseases, ELISA-test and PCR diagnosis of viral diseases) are researched and analyzed. Breeding of plant collections, rehabilitated from viruses of fruit and berry crops and production of certified seeds is offered. Formation of virus-free collections as a result of phytosanitary selection along with development of virus-free collections as the results of rehabilitation of virus-infected plants in vitro culture is suggested. Development of the plants free of viruses using a culture of apical meristems is presented; application of in vitro dry-air heat therapy as a method of recovery from viral diseases is displayed, chemo-therapy in vitro as a mean of recovery from viral diseases is offered. Virus-free collections of fruit and berry crops are displayed and productivity of rehabilitated mother plantations is analyzed.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented the results of research on nutrition major vegetable crops in different varieties of sod-podzolic soil under irrigation, and in its absence. In course of the study there were analysed the following crops: white cabbage (Brassica oleracea convar. capitata var. alba L.) of varieties Belarus 85 and Mara; carrot (Daucus carota) of Nantes 04 and Lyavonikha varieties; table beet (Beta vulgaris) of Bordo 237 variety.After years of experiments in the stationary field of specialized vegetable crop rotations were calculated and presented to the coefficients of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, plants, cabbage, beet, carrot dining room from the soil, mineral and organic fertilizers on irrigated and nonirrigated backgrounds, which were the basis for the development of computer program to calculate the optimal fertilizer for vegetable crops. Comparative analysis of the data obtained under irrigation and with its absence of proved that the application of irrigation increased the utilization rates of fertilizer nutrients - nitrogen - on 8,5-17,0%, phosphorus - on 5.5-7.5 and potassium - on 9-17,5%.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented the results of determination of the optimal concentration of benzyladenine in the medium during in vitro multiplication of two garden strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) cultivars included into the State Register of Cultivars and Trees and Shrubs Varieties. For 'Vima Zanta' is recommended to use Murashige-Skoog medium with the addition of 0,5 and 0,4 milligrams per littre of benzyladenine, which allows to reach propagation coefficient of 9,78 and receive more than 20 % of well-developed regenerants. For cultivar 'Dukat' the optimal medium is MS, supplemented with 0,3 or 0,4 milligrams per littre BA. The multiplication coefficient exceed 7, while the rate of plants ready for transferring to rooting medium above 30 %. Recommended concentrations of benzyladenine let to obtain a sufficient number of well-developed regenerants suitable for further propagation in vitro and for rooting, adaptation to non-sterile conditions and planting in the ground.

The technology specifies the demands for technologic operations fulfillment at cultivation of gooseberry (Ribes grossularia) ball rooted planting material. The process technologic scheme of planting material cultivation includes the following main stages: soil preparation for planting mother plantations, planting mother plantations, attendance for mother plantations, softwood cuttings preparation, attendance for cuttings, replanting of rooted cuttings, attendance for container plants, winter storage of ball rooted planting material, ball rooted planting material preparation to realization. It also ensures production of high qualitative ball rooted planting material. The output of gooseberry standard seedlings is 90%. The output of gooseberry sprouts from 1 hectare of a mother plantation is 250 thousand units, cuttings of 20 cm in length it is 400 thousand units, rooted cuttings it is 300 thousand units and standard seedlings it is 270 thousand units.

During 2004-2011 15.7 thousand hectares of orchards and small fruit plantations were planted 1 in agricultural enterprises and farmsteads of the Republic of Belarus. Creation of native primary areas of processing enterprises at the territory of 700 hectares has started. The Republic becomes able to provide itself by its own planting material of fruit and small fruit cultures and strawberry plants. The release of 3 horticultural tractor modifications 'Belarus' as well as of 20 specialized machinery items for fruit growing has been adjusted. Fruit store houses of total capacity of 77.3 thousand tons are set in operation. Further industry development will be carried out within the framework of (lie Stale-programme of potato, vegetable and fruit growing complex development for 2011 2015. It will let to reach fruit and berry production level up to NSO thousand tons by 2012.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented the results of a root system study of Vyanok cultivar cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) trees on clonal stocks Izmajlovski, Moskoviya and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) selected by A. I. Putsilo were made in summer 2011 in the orchard planted in 2003 under 4 x 2 m scheme. It was established that toward the 9th year after planting the trees root system on studied stocks was extended to the middle of row-spacing and on depth of 60 cm digging. 97,7% of skeletal roots of the selected sweet cherry form, 87,0% of Izmajlovski stock, 90,7% of Moskoviya stock and 84,5%, 74,6 and 86,7% of overgrown roots accordingly were placed up to 1,5 m from a row line by weight. A big mass of overgrown (25,4 %), skeletal roots (13,0 % by weight and 23,2% by length) was observed at the stock Izmajlovski at 1,5 – 2,0 m distance from a tree row, that is the evidence of more uniform root system development of trees on this stock. The maximum specific weight of overgrown roots in the amount of was noted at the cherry stock Moskoviya (1,64 times more than at the selected sweet cherry form, and 1,1 times more than at the stock Izmajlovski). The specific weight of skeletal roots in the amount of at the selected sweet cherry form, on the contrary, was 1,26 times more than at the stock Moskoviya and 1,01 times more than at the stock Izmajlovski.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented 2006-2008 data study of influence of macro- (calcium and magnesium) and micro- (boron and zinc) fertilizers foliar application on yield and storability of 'lmant' and 'Charavnitsa' apple (Malus) fruits. At studied cultivars application of fertilizers containing boron and calcium and of multi-nutrient Mineral-extra fertilizer helped getting more yield. The highest yield at 'Imant' cultivar was received at the variants with application of calcium, Mineral-extra and Ekolist mono boron in the first and calcium in the second half of summer. 'Charavnitsa' cultivar showed the highest yield at the variant of multi-nutrient Mineral-extra fertilizer application. During the investigation years fruits were better stored at studied cultivars with application of calcium containing fertilizers, Ekolist mono boron and Mineral-extra. The output of disease-free fruits made 82-88%.