Ecology and physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria
2008
Nakajima, J.(Mie Univ., Tsu (Japan)) | Sakka, M. | Kimura, T | Sakka, K.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was first discovered as the novel pathway of the microbial nitrogen cycle under anoxic conditions and it was proved to be the oxidation of ammonium with nitrite as the electron acceptor under anoxic conditions, resulting in the production of nitrogen gas. After the first discovery, anammox reactions were reported in various wastewater treatment facilities including landfill leachate treatment plants. Currently, it is estimated that anammox bacteria contributes up to 50% to the removal of fixed nitrogen from the oceans globally. In this review, we summarize nitrogen cycle in natural environment, discovery of annamox reaction and bacteria, morphological and physiological characteristics of annamox bacteria, application of annamox bacteria in wastewater treatment, and ecological and taxonomical studies on annamox bacteria. In addition, we describe our results concerning annamox bacteria found in Ago bay: detection and enrichment culture of annamox bacteria.
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