Estimation of economic benefit of the introduction of Latvia in the European Union | Latvijas iestāšanās Eiropas Savienībā ekonomiskā efekta novērtēšana

Inglés. For Latvia with incoming into the European Union big opportunities in the international markets have opened. Paper purpose is to investigate influence of international integration processes on development of economy of Latvia. In paper various indicators of a national economy before and after incoming into EU are compared. In paper it is defined that joining to EU has increased for Latvia net grants from EU budget. But grants still do not promote development of economy of Latvia, but more stimulate development of internal demand. For demand gain satisfaction, in the conditions of poorly developed internal producing, from abroad the various goods are imported into Latvia, negative difference of export and import is increase. Also inflow of the capital to Latvia after incoming into EU is not used for positive changes in internal economy, and directed to the branches related with finance moving. Actually the industries have not felt essential inflow of the capital. After accession into the European Union (EU), Latvia has started to export labour force. As a result of migration of labour in Latvia the rate of unemployment has decreased, the wages are grown, expenses on a labour that has grown, that reduced an export potential of internal products. EU grants, capital inflow, gain of wages has caused an inflation gain in Latvia. Considering that together with inflation purchasing capacity of inhabitants has grown, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the population well-being has grown. These processes mainly have short-term character. Migration will decrease, considering a gain of wages or because of reduction of labour resources; inflow of the speculative capital will stop because of insufficiency of reliable pledges. It is possible to assert that they will stop, when the standard of living in EU and Latvia will be approximately identical, i.e. in the end of cohesion process in EU. Most stabile is relation of grants and import. Grants are provided to reduce dependence of the state on import but on the contrary, grants increase import volume. Latvia still cannot find the specialisation in EU and in the global markets. Therefore it became dependent on grants of EU and on international help. Definition of specialisation and an effective using of grants could change situation and promote economy development in Latvia.

Letón. Latvijai, iestājoties Eiropas Savienībā, parādījās plašas iespējas starptautiskajos tirgos. Raksta mērķis ir izpētīt starptautiskās integrācijas procesu ietekmi uz Latvijas ekonomikas attīstību. Lai to veiktu, rakstā plaši salīdzināti tautsaimniecības rādītāji pirms un pēc iestāšanās ES. Latvijai pievienošanās ES palielināja saņemtos dotācijas līdzekļus, noņēma preču kustībai traucējošās barjeras, piesaistīja ārvalstu kapitālu, samazināja bezdarbu, palielināja darbaspēka migrāciju un izraisīja cenu un pirktspējas pieaugumu.