International watercourses - enhancing cooperation and managing conflict - proceedings of a World Bank seminar
Salman, SalmanM. A. | Boisson de Chazournes, Laurence [editors]
Over 245 river basins are shared by two or more states. About 40 percent of the world population and 50 percent of its land are either dependent on or stand to benefit from the waters available in these basins. For the most part, the uses of international waterways by the respective riparian states are carried out peacefully in spite of the lack of a universal agreement on the law governing their non-navigational uses (the UN Convention on this matter was at long last opened for signature on May 21, 1997, but has not yet entered into force). However, lack of adequate cooperation and outright disputes among some riparians hinder the optimal utilization of many international waterways to the detriment of all their basin states. Times has come to replace the old divergent approaches representing conflicting interest of upstream and downstream riparians by an approach that emphasizes cooperative and comprehensive management which benefits all the riparians while ensuring the most efficient and environmentally friendly uses of river basins. The World Bank has financed a large number of projects in international waterways. In 1985, the Bank adopted detailed rules and procedures for financing of this type of projects (OP 7.50 and BP 7.50). The Bank's approach in this area has certainly influenced the progressive development of international law.
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