Evaluation of shelter programs for the urban poor : principal findings
KEARE, D. | PARRIS, S. | URB
The World Bank has been lending to support the development and improvement of shelter for the urban poor since 1972. The sites and services and area upgrading projects supported have followed a model of progressive development based on the provision of tenure and basic services. One early feature of the program was a pilot scheme to evaluate four such projects in El Salvador, the Philippines, Senegal and Zambia. This initial study commenced in mid-1975 and was concluded late in 1980. The conclusions of the detailed evaluation have confirmed that the experiment embodied in the first generation of Bank-supported urban shelter projects has been remarkably successful. The validity of the progressive development model has been established. Self-help construction methods have been relatively efficient. The projects have been affordable -- and generally accessible -- to the target populations. Those measurements which have been concluded indicate that the projects' impacts on the socio-economic conditions of participants have been in the directions expected. Notwithstanding this general record of success, the projects have encountered some problems and produced some unexpected results.
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