Sowing time of winter wheat in Latvia in the 20th and 21st century | Ziemas kviešu sējas laiks Latvijā 20. un 21. gadsimtā
2013
Gaile, Z., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Agriculture | Balodis, O., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Agriculture | Urbans, R., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Agriculture | Pelece, I., Latvia Univ. of Agriculture, Jelgava (Latvia). Faculty of Information Technologies
Winter wheat is the most important cereal in Latvia. Sowing time is one of the critical elements of growing management, and due to this it has been investigated periodically since 1920ies. The aim of our paper was to analyze the impact of sowing time on winter wheat yield in its main growing areas in Latvia – Zemgale and Kurzeme. Published papers and scientific reports were used, as well as the data of field trial carried out at TRF Vecauce of LLU in 2010/2011, where winter wheat was sown on five sowing dates starting on 1 September with the intervals of 10 days. Another aim was to evaluate the possible climate changes during autumn and winter, and the long-term meteorological data (1950 – 2011) of Dobele Meteorological Station were analysed. Earlier literature data showed that the best yields of winter wheat were obtained when sowing it in the first part of September. The last research results obtained after the year 2000, including the field trial results at Vecauce, indicated that better overwintering and yields were achieved when wheat was sown in the 2nd and 3rd ten – day period of September. As optimal for winter wheat sowing in Zemgale and Kurzeme was suggested September 10 – 25. Slight temperature increase in autumn and winter during last 60 years cannot be the only reason for such later sowing time; it is possible that the genotype of new modern cultivars also play some role.
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