Comparison of wheat-based sequential cropping systems under conventional and conservation agricultural managements

In order to compare sequences of different crops under conventional and conservation agricultural management in Karaj, and study of yield and yield components of plants in the crop sequence experiments and evaluate these sequences in terms of benefit- cost ratio and energy performance, and finally choose the best and most economical system, experimental plots in a split (split-plot) in a randomized complete block design with three replications, 6000 square meters of land in the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute during two cropping seasons 89-90 and 90-91 carried. The treatments consisted of six crop sequences including: 1-Wheat – Forage corn- Wheat - Forage corn (B1), 2- Wheat – Berseem clover-Green manure - Forage corn (B2), 3-Wheat – Berseem clover- Canola- Forage corn (B3), 4- Wheat - Forage corn - Canola- Forage corn (B4), 5- Wheat- Forage corn- Canola- Berseem clover (B5), 6- Wheat – Berseem clover –Wheat - Forage corn (B6). The treatments under both conventional and conservation agricultural management were compared.Conventional management includes administrative measures to observe all stages from planting to harvest by farmers in Karaj region, whereas Crop Protection Management (new) important things such as crop residue management and minimum tillage and preparation of the substrate was observed. Crop management factor as the main factor (main plots) and at two levels (conventional and conservation) and plant sequences as sub-plots (subplots) were considered. The results of the study of traits and factors within different cultures showed all sequences in wheat crop begins to grow this plant, in the first year that was not done of treatment, the effect of crop management on plant height, number of fertile spikes per square meter, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were significant at the one percent level. Interactions between farming systems and cropping sequences on seed yield and biological yield only five percent probability level was significant. During the first year of cultivation, the plots were allocated to either forage corn or berseem clover, the results of the main factors on forage yield and dry matter forage maize is significant at the one percent level. In Berseem clover, simple effects and interactions were not significant. In the second year of the third cultures were, in the case of wheat, length and number of grains per unit area and grain and biological yield were affected by crop management techniques. All these characteristics and factors other than biological yield, were also influenced by crop sequence factor.The canola crop management techniques that affect only height and grain yield.Crop sequence had no significant effect on plant height and biological yield of canola. Culture medium during the fourth and final sequence, the results showed the main factor examined the effects of wet and dry matter yield of maize in the level of one per cent and five per cent level of significance is the subplot. The quality assessment silage forage maize cultivation in the fourth sequence, the effect was not significant for any of the factors. benefit- cost ratio and energy efficiency at the end of each treatment were tested, Sequences identified four security management approach in terms of benefit- cost ratio and energy performance is superior to other treatments. The highest seed production performance was related to sequence B6 and highest forage production performance related to sequence B4 and then treatment B1.