Usage de méthodes multicritères d'aide à la décision pour améliorer les bonnes pratiques agricoles et environnementales dans le secteur d'une coopérative viticole importante en bordelais | Using multiple criteria decision aid to improve best agricultural and environmental management practices in the area of a big wine company, near Bordeaux

In vineyards, intensive method of production leads to use a great quantity of pesticides (fungicides, insecticides and some herbicides) to keep a good level of yield and quality of grapes which are necessary to produce good wines, especially in Bordeaux area. Unfortunately, the effects are harmful on ecosystems and of course on human health. Also, now consumers of wine and other people in the society expecting healthy products and public policies are implemented to protect ecosystems (water, soil, biodiversity, air). To develop an integrated approach concerning the effects of pesticides on ecosystems, researchers of Bordeaux University and public Research centres in a laboratory of excellence, LabEx COTE, developed a new project PhytoCOTE which has two objectives: first to unify approaches of laboratories in Natural Sciences and in Human and Social Sciences around a common topic; second to implement research dealing with the use of pesticides in agricultural systems, their transfers to ecosystems, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity in the agricultural and estuarine ecosystem continuum. The diverse nature of the project's objectives calls for a multidisciplinary approach, bringing together specialists from the fields of agronomy, environmental chemistry, ecology, ecotoxicology, and economics. The project aims first to characterize the agricultural practices and the anthropogenic pressure by pesticides on the wineyard of the study area, located on the right bank of the Gironde estuary in southwest France, near Bordeaux. Analysis and modeling of agricultural modes of production (conventional, agro-biology, agro-ecology, etc.). Farmers' decision-making relating to their use of pesticides will assist in anticipating future evolution trend of the use of wineyard protection products. Results will help define scenarios of changes in plant protection practices and analyze how these choices may be also influenced by public policies. The majority of winemakers in this study site are gathered in a wine cooperative: "vignerons de Tutiac", the biggest winery of appellation wines in France (250 000 hl per year) which is an important partner in PhytoCOTE project. In order to change intensive practices, the direction of Tutiac decided to implement agroecology system, which is a mode of production based on the interdependence between ecosystems and agrosystems, e.g. optimization of biological resources from land. Issues of agroecology include improving the economic performance of farms by changing performance analysis in a global way at the level of each farm, preservation of natural resources, while relying on collective action among stakeholders to support the change.