Weed resistance and new herbicide tolerant crops in USA
2016
Knežević, Stevan Z.
Extensive use of herbicides by American farmers over the least 60 years caused resistance in 534 weed biotypes. The objective of this article was to provide a brief overview of: (1) few major types of resistance in USA and (2) herbicide tolerant crops that are expected to reach the US market in the next 5 years (eg. 2017-2022). Repeated use of glyphosate in Roundup-Ready crops over the last 20 years has contributed to the evolution of glyphosate resistance in 18 weed species across USA. There are also cases of multiple-resistance, especially in common waterhemp, with biotypes containing multiple resistance types (eg. 3-5 stacks). Some segments of American agriculture (eg. industry that markets such technology and some practitioners) believe that incoming new herbicide tolerant crops would resolve weed resistance issues. The new incoming herbicide tolerant traits include: (1) dicamba-tolerance; (2) 2, 4-D tolerance; (3) HPPD-tolerance and (4) ALS-tolerance. Critics are saying that the dicamba and HPPD traits will not be very useful as there are already dicamba and HPPD resistant weeds across USA. Many weed scientist, including myself, believe that these new traits will provide only a short-term help in containing current resistance issues. The long-term viability of those new traits will be preserved only if used within the concept of integrated weed management and under the umbrella of the Best Management Practices and Stewardship Programs.
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