Data Transmission Direction Based RoutingAlgorithm for Improving Network Performance ofIoT Systems

With the continuous development of wireless communication technology, the Internet of<br />Things (IoT) is being used in a wide range of fields. The IoT collects and exchanges large amounts of<br />data with objects, either tangible or intangible, such as sensors or physical devices, connected to the<br />Internet. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are components of IoT systems. WSNs are used in various<br />IoT systems, such as monitoring, tracking, and detection systems, to extract relevant information and<br />deliver it to users. WSNs consist of sensor nodes with low power, low cost, and multiple functions.<br />Because sensor nodes have limited resources, such as power and memory, a reduction in the energy<br />efficiency of the sensor nodes in WSNs will lead to a decrease in wireless network performance and<br />an increase in packet loss, which affects IoT system performance. Therefore, this study aimed to find<br />an energy-efficient routing method that extends the lifetime of WSNs by minimizing the battery use<br />of sensor nodes to improve the network performance of IoT systems. Conserving energy from sensor<br />nodes and increasing network throughput in WSNs involves having protocols. The low-energy<br />adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH ) protocol is a well-known hierarchical routing protocol in<br />WSNs that constructs clusters and transmits data. LEACH increases energy efficiency by transmitting<br />data from sensor nodes to the base station (BS) through the cluster head. It is widely adopted in<br />the WSN network field, and many protocols are being studied to improve cluster header selection<br />and data transmission to increase the energy efficiency of sensor nodes. In this study, we attempted<br />to improve energy efficiency by removing unnecessary energy from LEACH. In LEACH, when the<br />sensor node is located between the BS and the cluster head, the sensor node transmits data to the<br />cluster head in the opposite direction of the BS. The data sent to the cluster head are transmitted in the<br />direction of the BS. Thus, transmission in the opposite direction consumes unnecessary energy and<br />affects the WSN performance of IoT systems. In this study, we propose a D-LEACH (direction-based<br />LEACH) protocol based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) that improves the efficiency<br />of transmission energy considering the data transmission direction of sensor nodes. D-LEACH aims<br />to balance the energy of the sensor nodes and improve the performance of WSNs in the IoT system<br />by reducing unnecessary energy consumption caused by reverse transmission considering the data<br />transmission direction of the sensor nodes. In the course of the paper, we refer to the routing protocol<br />of WSNs to improve network performance and describe LEACH. We also explain the D-LEACH<br />protocol proposed in this paper and confirm the performance improvement of WSNs in an IoT system<br />through simulation.