Comparative Evaluation of Different Surface Coatings of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Based Magnetic Nano Sorbent for Applications in the Nucleic Acids Extraction
2022
Anna Szymczyk | Marcin Drozd | Agnieszka Kamińska | Magdalena Matczuk | Maciej Trzaskowski | Marta Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka | Robert Ziółkowski | Elżbieta Malinowska
Nucleic acid extraction and purification are crucial steps in sample preparation for multiple diagnostic procedures. Routine methodologies of DNA isolation require benchtop equipment (e.g., centrifuges) and labor-intensive steps. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as solid-phase sorbents could simplify this procedure. A wide range of surface coatings employs various molecular interactions between dsDNA and magnetic nano-sorbents. However, a reliable, comparative evaluation of their performance is complex. In this work, selected Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> modifications, i.e., polyethyleneimine, gold, silica, and graphene derivatives, were comprehensively evaluated for applications in dsDNA extraction. A family of single batch nanoparticles was compared in terms of morphology (STEM), composition (ICP-MS/MS and elemental analysis), surface coating (UV-Vis, TGA, FTIR), and MNP charge (ζ-potential). ICP-MS/MS was also used to unify MNPs concentration allowing a reliable assessment of individual coatings on DNA extraction. Moreover, studies on adsorption medium (monovalent vs. divalent ions) and extraction buffer composition were carried out. As a result, essential relationships between nanoparticle coatings and DNA adsorption efficiencies have been noticed. Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PEI MNPs turned out to be the most efficient nano sorbents. The optimized composition of the extraction buffer (medium containing 0.1 mM EDTA) helped avoid problems with Fe<sup>3+</sup> stripping, which improved the validity of the spectroscopic determination of DNA recovery.
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