Transcriptional regulator LIM-domain-only 4 (LMO4) protein: The role in human immune system

An organism responds to a diversity of cellular signals by various molecular mechanisms. Transcriptional regulation is one such biological process. Transcriptional regulation coordinates cellular activity and cell identity during development. LIM-domain transcriptional regulator proteins are the family of proteins that are essential in a wide variety of cellular processes. All members of the human LIM-domain-only (LMO) proteins orchestrate many developmental processes and they are intimated at the beginning of the progression of several cancers, including T cell leukemia, breast cancer, gastric cancer, neuroblastoma, etc., as a transcription regulator. Because of the building protein-protein interaction ability of the LIM domain, LMO4 protein shows a function for the formation of new transcriptional complexes and is able to regulate gene expression programs. Furthermore, LMO4 is considered a crucial part of the regulation of immune system programming and nervous system cells. Current research works highlight the therapeutic role of targeting LMO4 in cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and immune system disorders. In this review, we summarized research focused on the role of LMO4 protein in immune system cells. Immune cells are essential in all biological processes; they are important for initiating and terminating cancer and tumor immune escape. Since the LMO4 protein acts in the spatial and temporal manner to activate and repress cellular processes, we conclude that to regulate these processes is needed to obtain gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutants of LMO4 dependent on the cells they are used. Generally, by understanding the role of LMO4 in the human immune system, we will be able to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying immune responses and immune-related diseases.