CARBON FARMING IN THE KALININGRAD REGION

Long-term studies substantiate the possibility of using four- and five-field crop rotations with a positive balance of organic matter for the long-term binding of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the form of stable humus in the soil.Four- and five-pillar field crop rotations with the inclusion of perennial legumes and cereals have a significant potential for accumulation of organic matter for its subsequent conservation in the form of humus. The largest positive balance of humus (+ 2,5 t/ha) was observed in crop rotation with the inclusion of fodder beans, spring barley under the cover of perennial herbs and winter triticale.It promotes increased accumulation of organic matter in crop rotation using annual mixed legume and cereal crops when sowing in summer as precursor siderates for winter rape, barley and wheat. The mass of underground root residues during late-summer sowing in crop rotation with the inclusion of fodder beans, spring barley under the cover of perennial grasses and winter ground significantly exceeded similar absolute values at spring and mid-summer sowing by 7,7 and 1,9 t/ha, and in the above-ground part by 56,1 and 7,4 t/ha, respectively.The ratio between the mass of aboveground organs and roots in the summer sowing period was higher by an average of 1,5 times compared to the spring. An increase in the above-ground and underground mass with active microbiota activity in the rhizosphere with a tendency to shift the soil reaction of the solution to the alkaline side in summer sowing can be used as a biological meliorant. The introduction of Sudanese grass and sorghum-Sudanese hybrids into mixed summer crops will allow the preservation of organic residues for longer preservation in the soil.