The fossil record of Mexican freshwater fishes, although scarce, has increased in recent years. These fossils are known in 39 localities, 4 of which are Cretaceous and carry remains of cf. †Melvius sp., Amiidae, Lepisosteidae and †Ceratodus sp., groups no longer recorded as fossil material in subsequent periods. The remaining localities belong to the Cenozoic Era (Oligocene to Pleistocene) and contain modern faunas; most of them are located in the Mexican Volcanic Belt and most are from Pleistocene deposits. The diversity of fossil fish includes 12 families and at least 26 genera, and 39 species. Only some of the latter are known as fossils. The position of the Cenozoic localities in relation to existing drainage and fish communities suggests events of change in the hydrology for some recent basins. In order to broaden the knowledge on this group of fishes, it is required to perform active prospective work in less explored areas such as Northern endorheic drainages and Southern tropical basins of Mexico, in addition to applying finer recovery and study techniques, as well as incorporating new procedures for, among others, molecular and isotopic analyses.
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